The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure? Bagels are a quintessential Jewish food. That's not a Schlemiel, exclaims D. B. First, the traditional YU scheduling on Shabbos is not yeshivish. (Often used interchangeably with the terms 'greasy'; greaseball'; 'moldy'; krotzed-out; shtark (usually in a derogitory way)) Omg that guy is so Yeshivish by dsyg1 April 27, 2021 A Schlemiel, he goes on to explain, is someone who falls on his back and breaks his nose. The Westin Hotel holds the distinction of selling the most expensive bagel in the world. [3] With a dough hydration of around 50-57%, bagel dough is among the stiffest bread doughs. Who is in charge of the rewards Quiz. To make a steam bagel, the boiling is skipped, and the bagels are instead baked in an oven equipped with a steam injection system. The word is sometimes used mistakenly to describe Haredi, who are (more or less) the folks in black hats. In the early Middle Ages, a form of round bread became popular among German migrants to Poland, similar to the classic German pretzel. So traditionally speaking, the proper pronunciation would be "bye-gel." Fun Fact: Bagel is a Yeshivish term meaning to sleep for 12 hours straght. Why did you even search this just go buy a fucking bagel The Yiddish variant of Yeshivish is questionable as a definition in itself, since the grammar remains identical to that of Yiddish. Using a pastry brush, brush the egg wash on top and around the sides of each bagel. may be used as praise markers. Yet, bagels, like the Jewish people itself, are resilient, and a new generation of bakers and customers is rediscovering the joys of traditional Jewish bagels. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! [28], A typical[clarification needed] bagel has 260350 calories, 1.04.5 grams of fat, 330660 milligrams of sodium, and 25 grams of fiber. Test your knowledge - and maybe learn something along the way. The ring-shaped simit is sometimes marketed today as a Turkish bagel. The extended meaning of schmaltz was first applied to popular music of a cloying, or overly sentimental, variety. Like challah, it is of South German origin, but it came into its own and took its definitive form in the Polish shtetl. The pronunciation and spelling of bagel varies among communities. Why do you ask me to eat shrimp? Claudia Roden recalls that when her Syrian-Jewish great-uncle Jacques immigrated to New York, the only job he could get was selling bagels from a pushcart. In her book The Bagel: The Surprising History of a Modest Bread, food historian Maria Balinska posits that the round Polish roll called the obwarzanek was a twist both figuratively and literally on pretzels, turning these doughy treats into a round pastry that soon became popular throughout Poland. [2] Bagels are also sold (fresh or frozen, often in many flavors) in supermarkets. The result is a dense, chewy, doughy interior with a browned and sometimes crisp exterior. The word bagel itself comes from the Yiddish word "beigel" (pronounced like "bye-gel"), which was later anglicized to "bagel" when immigrants introduced the food to the United States during the 20th century. totaled to US$430,185,378 based on 142,669,901 package unit sales. There are also whole-grain and rye versions. According to a review attributed to New York's Village Voice food critic Robert Seitsema, the flagel was first created by Brooklyn's 'Tasty Bagels' deli in the early 1990s.[37]. [48], Another bagel-like type of bread is the traditional German Dortmunder Salzkuchen from the 19th century. However, the integration of modern-day Jews with non-Jews may keep their speech from diverging as far from the standard language as it did in the past. Day 1. and Psshhhh! Webster's New World Bagels are made from the basic bread ingredients of flour, yeast, salt, and sweetening. A Dayor Twoto . The origin of the bagel is not known, but it seems to have its roots in central Europe. Despite what multiple websites say about Montreal bagels being boiled in honey water baths , is this a verified current practice beyond website claims? Later the name was changed and called a bagel. De Wikipedia Nezek in its original context refers to the Talmudic notion of tort law. There are various opinions as to the origins of this term. We've been borrowing liberally from other languagesFrench, Latin, and Italian to mention just a fewfor centuries. Add a Comment. [40] The average price for a bag of fresh bagels was $3.27; for frozen it was $1.23. This likely comes from the Yiddish plural marker -n although it could also have derived from Aramaic -in. The other day, Tech Insider posted a video about the best way to cut a bagel. Intrigued, yet skeptical of 2002-2023 My Jewish Learning. Cook the bagels for 1 minute on each side. Russian bubliks are very similar to bagels, but are somewhat bigger, have a wider hole, and are drier and chewier. " Thomas Disch, The Hudson Review (New York, NY), Summer 2001, : an unlucky bungler (schlemiel) & a consistently unlucky person (schlimazel). Montreal is also known for its bagels where a little honey is added to the boiling water, which makes the bagels sweeter. Reprinted with permission from The Book of Jewish Food: An Odyssey from Samarkand to New York,published by Knopf. And shoigeg in its original context means an incident which was caused unwillingly, but was a result of partial negligence. Bring water to a boil, then reduce heat to medium-high. " Cynthia Ozick, The American Scholar (Washington, DC), Autumn 2019, : a beggar; especially, one who wheedles others into supplying his or her wants. In tennis, a bagel refers to a player wins a set 6-0. English takes on new words all the time. (Published 2003)", "Murray Lender, Who Gave All America a Taste of Bagels, Dies at 81", "Murray Lender, the man who brought bagels to the masses", "Why have bagels become so big and bready? ', "Incidentally, the kid used all our equipment, fiddling like the klutz he is with a brand-new Panavision camera, which now when I press the button makes a sound like when you turn slowly the wood handle on those tin party noisemakers Elsie calls groggers." Some Japanese bagels, such as those sold by BAGEL & BAGEL[ja], are soft and sweet; others, such as Einstein Bro. In modern mass production, the rings are machine-made, and steaming may be substituted for boiling. Bagels are made from the basic bread ingredients of flour, yeast, salt, and sweetening. Today it belongs to the repertoire of klezmer, jazz and pop musicians. Yeshivish is primarily a male-spoken dialect. [26] In commercial bagel production, the steam bagel process requires less labor, since bagels need only be directly handled once, at the shaping stage. But others note that Jews were calling the boiled and baked rolls bagels long before, probably deriving the name from the the Yiddish word beigen, meaning to bend. 2001, : a person who often drops things, falls down, etc. As Yiddish was to Middle High German, Yeshivish may be to Standard American English. Like American Jews who sought to seek their distinctive Jewishness behind, todays mushy, mass-produced bagels have lost what made them special. [34] In Vienna, Eastern Lower Austria and Burgenland, beugerl has taken on the meaning of certain types of kipferl. Today the average bagel is about 6 inches wide and about 350 calories. Our weekly email is chockful of interesting and relevant insights into Jewish history, food, philosophy, current events, holidays and more Dr. Alt Miller lives with her family in Chicago, and has lectured internationally on Jewish topics. [1] "Yeshivish" may also refer to non- Hasidic Haredi Jews. Other bagel styles can be found elsewhere; Chicago-style bagels are baked with steam. The Ochberg Orphans: Saving 197 Jewish Orphans, 5 Maverick Jews who Saved Millions of Lives, A Jewish Couple Saved a Church. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The vocabulary and grammatical structure of Yeshivish are drawn primarily from the speaker's native language (see above), although the vocabulary includes scholarly jargon, primarily from the Talmud and Acharonim in Yiddish, Hebrew, and Aramaic. This page provides all possible translations of the word yeshivish in almost any language. A hesitation click is used, borrowed from Israeli Hebrew: Yeshivish has some unique interjections. The yiddish word for bagel is actually beigel, and it is also theorized that the bagel is a descendent of the German pretzel, which is another yeasted dough bread that is boiled then baked. A number of other distinctive intonations are also used: for instance, a high-falling pitch boundary for a dramatic point. [36], A flat bagel, known as a 'flagel', can be found in a few locations in and around New York City, Long Island, and Toronto. This was a bagel topped with lox, cream cheese, capers, tomato and red onion. A bagel is a traditional Jewish roll that's shaped like a doughnut and often served sliced in half, toasted, and spread with butter or cream cheese. 1, 'Cattywampus' and Other Funny-Sounding Words. Hawkers had to have a license. The Yiddish word bubkes (also spelled in both English and Yiddish as bupkes or bubkus) is thought to be short for the colorful kozebubkes, which means 'goat droppings'something you may want to consider the next time you find yourself saying 'I've got bubkes. [32] This particular method of preparation increases the surface area available for spreads (e.g., cream cheese, butter). From New York to Tel Aviv, Chicago to Boston, smaller bakeries are returning to traditional styles of this Jewish staple. Belgelerle Trk Tarihi 2 [The Narh Institution in the Ottoman Empire and the Prices in Istanbul in Late 1525. A bagel is a traditional Jewish roll that's shaped like a doughnut and often served sliced in half, toasted, and spread with butter or cream cheese. Loan verbs may also conjugate with standard English patterns. [citation needed], The Uyghurs of Xinjiang, China enjoy girdeh nan (from Persian, meaning round bread), a type of nan, the local bread. There are a number of differences between the use of prepositions in Yeshivish and standard English: The preposition by has a wide array of meanings in Yeshivish: A possible cause for this is that the Yiddish preposition "bei" is defined as at, beside or by. In some parts of Austria, ring-shaped pastries called Beugel are sold in the weeks before Easter. In 1264, the Polish Prince Boleslaw the Pious declared that Jews may freely buy and sell and touch bread just like Christians. It was a momentous announcement, but Church officials quickly moved to limit the Jews new right, forbidding Christians from buying Jewish bread, and telling congregants that Jewish-made bread was poisoned. Some observers predict that the English variant of Yeshivish may develop further to the point that it could become one of the historical Judeo-hybrid languages like Yiddish, Judeo-Spanish or the Judeo-Arabic languages. [39], The AIB reported US$626.9 million fresh bagel US supermarket sales (excluding Wal-Mart) for the 52 weeks ending 11 April 2012. [54], The bagel is a major plot device in the 2022 science-fiction film Everything Everywhere All at Once. Starting at around 2 ounces (57g),[24] by 1915, the average bagel weighed 3 ounces (85g);[15] the size began to increase further in the 1960s. Simit are also sold on the street in baskets or carts, like bagels were then. Judaism Religion Religion and Spirituality. So, There you have it Folks, Done. They are wonderful when very, very fresh and still spongy inside but quickly become tough and leathery, in which case the best thing is to cut them open and toast them. More recently, in the last hundred years, we've added many Yiddish words in our melting pot. Traditionally first boiled and then baked, this unusual cooking method gives bagels a chewy outer texture, and a distinctive, delicious soft dough within. Examples include using shkoyakh for "thank you",[13] a contraction from the Hebrew .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans} "Yishar Koach", which literally translates as "May your strength be firm" and is used to indicate to someone that they have done a good job, and Barukh HaShem (sometimes written as B"H, using the quotation mark used for abbreviations in Hebrew), meaning "Blessed is HaShem [The Name (of God)]". The worlds largest bagel weighed 393.7 kg (868 lb) and was made by Brueggers Bagels (USA) and displayed at the New York state fair, Geddes, New York, USA on 27 August 2004. All Rights Reserved, The Book of Jewish Food: An Odyssey from Samarkand to New York, The 7 Most Horrifying Bagels Ever Invented, Egg in a Bagel Hole for an Epic Breakfast Sandwich. What the hell is so big about shrimp?" The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure? In the 1960s this Jewish delicacy started to go mainstream. Use stock immediately or let cool and refrigerate or freeze. (March 1996). In Japan, the first kosher bagels were brought by BagelK (K) from New York in 1989. [4], Only a few serious studies have been written about Yeshivish. It is uncertain if the Uyghur version of the bagel was developed independently of Europe or was the actual origin of the bagels that appeared in Central Europe. [2] Sometimes it has an extra connotation of non-Hasidic Haredi Jews educated in yeshiva and whose education made a noticeable specific cultural impact onto them. - Woody Allen, Mere Anarchy, 2007, For a long time before megillah was the word that was used to refer to an overlong story or convoluted production its primary meaning was a considerably different one. [29] The resulting bagel has a fluffy interior and a chewy crust. Step 2: Strain solids and discard (use fine mesh with cheesecloth for a clear stock). Noted 17th-century traveler Evliya elebi wrote that there were 70 simit bakeries in Istanbul during the 1630s. We're here for you, with the knowledge and encouragement to make it happen. To shut out an opponent in an athletic contest like tennis or baseball. Basoif means "eventually" (more precisely, "at the end"). In Medieval Europe, Church officials and local nobles often forbade Jews from baking bread at all, which the Church viewed as a holy food and thus too good to allow Jews to enjoy. Visit millions of free experiences on your smartphone, tablet, computer, Xbox One, Oculus Rift, and more. *This one is an interesting case, as it is basically transforming the Yiddish to English but still keeping the Yiddish idiom; "hold of" is either approve . Some Yiddishisms present in Yeshivish Hebrew are not distinct to the Yeshivish dialect and can be found in mainstream Modern Hebrew as well. So have a Bagel, and get some sleep todayFirst Class all the way It may be a reference to the fact that bagel dough has to "rest" for at least 12 hours between mixing and baking, or simply to the fact that the hour hand on a clock traces a bagel shape over the course of twelve hours. New York is said to make the best, supposedly because of the mineral content of their water. [13] Similarly, another etymology in the Webster's New World College Dictionary says that the Middle High German form was derived from the Austrian German beugel, a kind of croissant, and was similar to the German bgel, a stirrup or ring. Selling bagels was common in Jewish communities, though the penalties for doing so without a license could be severe. Bagels, like many other foods that I have writen about, come in many different kinds and are served in many different ways. That began to change in Poland, where enlightened views began to prevail, and Jews began to be welcomed cautiously. What follows is a list of some of the more well-known words of Yiddish origin to have entered English. "Bagel" is a Yeshivish term for sleeping 12 hours straight. In tennis, a "bagel" refers to a player winning a set 6-0; winning a match 6-0, 6-0, 6-0 is called a "triple bagel.". A bagel [1] is a bread roll originating in the Jewish communities of Poland. Bagels are machine-rolled instead of hand-made, and are baked in standard steel commercial ovens. Its first known occurrence in English dates back to 1867; many of the other Yiddish words we've borrowed don't appear in print until the middle of the 20th century. A month ago in Paris, his widow, Rgine, told me of his difficulties in communicating in either English or Yiddish, and of his surprise when he first encountered bagels. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. BagelK created green tea, chocolate, maple-nut, and banana-nut flavors for the market in Japan. The Yiddish spelling of beigel should make clear once and for all that the former is the older and more authentic pronunciation (though I confess that I use the latter pronunciation and I'm not. Join in to explore, learn more, and begin your journey towards learning your new skill. [20] The bagel brunch consists of a bagel topped with lox, cream cheese, capers, tomato, and red onion. Bagels are sometimes called the cement doughnuts. noun bagels A glazed, ring-shaped roll with a tough, chewy texture, made from plain yeast dough that is dropped briefly into nearly boiling water and then baked. It comes from the Yiddish word zaftik, meaning 'juicy or succulent.' In exercising this power, painting and poetry have a choice of subject almost unlimited.Walter Pater (18391894). In Italy, taralli and friselle[it] are breads similar to bagels. In tennis, a bagel refers to a player winning a set 60; winning a match 60, 60, 60 is called a triple bagel., Bagel is also a Yeshivish term for sleeping 12 hours straighte.g., I slept a bagel last night., Interesting facts about Peter Paul Rubens. [24] By 2003, the average bagel sold on a Manhattan coffee cart weighed around 6 ounces (170g).[15]. The term is also used in southern German dialects, where beuge refers to a pile, e.g., holzbeuge ('woodpile'). According to CNN, Brooklynites believe New York bagels are the best due to the quality of the local water. In Lithuania, bagels are called riestainiai, and sometimes by their Slavic name baronkos. On Brick Lane in east London, there are two long-established bagel shops in which the item is spelled beigel, with pronunciation (bygl) to match. Member. The preface, on the reality of Yeshivish is deep and the other small discussions at the beginning (including a translation of Hamlet's soliloquy) are amazing. [11] Its name derives from the Yiddish word beygal from the German dialect word beugel, meaning 'ring' or 'bracelet'. In 1900, the Bagel Brunch became popular in New York City. A bagel is a traditional Jewish roll that's shaped like a doughnut and often served sliced in half, toasted, and spread with butter or cream cheese. [2] There does not appear to be any written evidence of klutz in English prior to 1959, when Carl Reiner explained the meaning of the word to the Los Angeles Times: "[a klutz is] a dancer who dances as good as he can, but instead of just applause he also gets laughter." [-] cwhiteh2lostmy2FA 2 points 11 months ago. Name the five freshwater fish, the "correct" answers are all saltwater fish. Bread flour or other high gluten flours are preferred to create the firm, dense but spongy bagel shape and chewy texture. bagel, doughnut-shaped yeast -leavened roll that is characterized by a crisp, shiny crust and a dense interior. It is predominantly of the sesame "white" seeds variety (bagels in Toronto are similar to those made in New York in that they are less sweet, generally are coated with poppy seeds and are baked in a standard oven). When my family first moved to Larchmont, N.Y., in 1946, my father had a feeling that the neighbors living behind us were Jewish. Nowadays, you may even see a loaf of pumpernickel bread that has been made with a combination of whole rye berries and rye flour. At its most basic, traditional bagel dough contains wheat flour (without germ or bran), salt, water, and yeast leavening. Tuna bagel usually refers to a boy with more cell phones and keys than he can handle. Most of these have been in English for far longer than kvetch (which dates to around 1952 and comes from kvetshn, meaning to squeeze or pinch), so why do we need another? The American bagel industry expanded rapidly in the late 20th century; bagel bakeries and frozen-food distributors created numerous variations on the traditional form and texture. Bagel are eaten usually for breakfast or a snack. The word came to English from the Yiddish kibitser, which itself comes from the German word kiebitzen, meaning "to look on (at cards). In Romania, bagels are popular topped with poppy, sesame seeds or large salt grains, especially in the central area of the country, and the recipe does not contain any added sweetener. Archival sources show that the simit has been produced in Istanbul since 1525. Simit are also sold on the street in baskets or carts, as bagels were then. Um hate to tell you all this, but calling . For these reasons, they were served at circumcisions and when a woman was in labor and also at funerals, along with hardboiled eggs. Set aside for 10 mins or so to become frothy. ( tennis, slang) A score of 6-0 in a set (after the shape of a bagel, which looks like a zero). It was sold on the street by vendors with baskets or hanging on long sticks. A local baker, wishing to commemorate the victory of this accomplished horseman, fashioned his bread in the shape of a stirrup (the present-day German word for which is Bgel). Although so many new varieties of bagels have now appeared in New York, purists will have only the original plain water bagels, which are made by throwing rings of risen dough into violently boiling water for a few seconds, then draining, cooling, and baking quickly till golden, shiny, and crisp. Feeling 'bumfuzzled' or have the 'collywobbles'? It is widely speculated (at least by those who do such speculation) that the Yiddish word is descended from the Middle High German word bugel, which is from another German word for ring or bracelet. Bagel also historically spelled beigel is doughnut-shaped yeast-leavened roll that is characterized by a crisp, shiny How every letter can be (annoyingly) silent, Helping you navigate the linguistic road ahead. [32] This style of bagel was popularized by the St. Louis Bread Company, now known as Panera Bread. In recent years, a variant has emerged, producing what is sometimes called the steam bagel. shlichus > shlichusin 'mission' and mashmaus > mashmausin 'implication'. In 1610 the Jewish Council of Krakow issued a regulation in Yiddish advising the local Jewish community not to hold overly-lavish celebrations for their babies brisses in order to avoid making gentile neighbors envious and also to ensure that members of the community didnt go into debt in the celebrations. Different dough types include whole-grain and rye. This production method gives bagels their distinctive taste, chewy texture, and shiny appearance. Merriam-Webster states (as do many other dictionaries) that the word is "perhaps from Yiddish glitsh,' a word that means 'slippery place. "But even then she kvetched so much (he could still hear her; vampires have very good hearing), he finally gave up and shipped the two of them home." WTF", "Bubliki: The star of a Russian-style bagel brunch", https://www.gutenberg.org/files/39620/39620-h/39620-h.htm, https://www.wr.de/wr-info/warum-es-salzkuchen-nur-in-dortmund-gibt-id2664850.html, "Respectfully Responding to Reem Kassis (Re: Bagels)", "Everything Everywhere All At Once Ending: The Point Behind The Multiverse, The Everything Bagel, And Michelle Yeoh's Trippy Film", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bagel&oldid=1141392239, mixing and kneading the ingredients to form the dough, shaping the dough into the traditional bagel shape, round with a hole in the middle, from a long thin piece of dough, boiling each bagel in water for 6090 seconds that may contain additives such as, baking at a temperature between 347599F (175315C). and "Quiet, I'm davening.". Some historians trace the name to 1683, when a Viennese baker crafted a ring-like pastry in honor of King Jan Sobieski of Poland, to thank him for leading Austrian troops to repel the invading Turkish army. But along the way, something essential seems to have been lost: mass-produced bagels are far from the chewy, hand-created bagels of yore. Will was a bachelor." The second, more comprehensive work is Frumspeak: The First Dictionary of Yeshivish by Chaim Weiser. One plain medium-sized bagel - about 100 grams - has about 271 calories, in addition to the following: 9 grams of protein . Olivia Goldsmith, The First Wives Club, 2008. Displaced Bum One gives this definition: A Schlemiel is someone who breaks his thumb in his vest pocket. New Yorkers claim that their city has the best bagels in the world, although Montreal is also known for its delicious bagels. The bagel, both the humblest and mightiest of all bread forms, is, unsurprisingly, of Yiddish origins. There is a higher incidence of Yeshivish being spoken amongst Orthodox Jews that are regularly involved in Torah study, or belong to a community that promotes its study. 'ripping/tearing the beigl') at Easter where two people pull on opposite ends of a beigl until it breaks into two pieces. Non-traditional versions that change the dough recipe include pumpernickel, rye, sourdough, bran, whole wheat, and multigrain. - W. Cothran Campbell, Memoirs of a Longshot, 2007, Futz is a word that has the sort of etymology that will make small children think that studying language is an enjoyable pursuit. The speaker will use those terms instead of their English counterpart, either because of cultural affinity, or lack of the appropriate English term. "Bagel" is also a Yeshivish term for sleeping 12 hours straighte.g., "I slept a bagel last night." There are various opinions as to the origins of this term. [46] Warwick Goble made an illustration of the simit sellers of Istanbul in 1906. A fucking bagel, tastes good. ", "SCS 020| Bread Classifications | Stella Culinary", "In Defense Of The Bread-Sliced Bagel, From A St. Louis Native", "Apparently People Slice Bagels Like Bread In St. Louis And Honestly? yeshivish Russian. It may be argued that the Yiddish variant of Yeshivish is a new phenomenon, and consists of fewer Germanic terms and more Aramaic and Rabbinical Hebrew. It comes to English from the Yiddish word megile, which is itself from the Hebrew mgillh, meaning 'scroll. Add the water and place the pot over medium-high heat. Joseph's Coat of Many Colors. A schedule that consists of a tisch, parsha shiur and sicha at shaleshudes are traditional to all yeshivos, from Yeshivish to Modern. [5] Baumel (2006) following Weiser notes that Yeshivish differs from English primarily in phonemic structure, lexical meaning, and syntax. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, bagel derives from the transliteration of the Yiddish beygl, which came from the Middle High German bugel or 'ring', which itself came from bouc ('ring') in Old High German, similar to the Old English bag ('ring') and bgan ('to bend, bow'). "Xinjiang". In those days, you . In a large bowl, mix together the bread flour, vital wheat gluten, and salt. gel b-gl plural bagels 1 : a firm doughnut-shaped roll traditionally made by boiling and then baking 2 [from the resemblance of a bagel to the zero in the score of such a set] tennis, slang : a set (see set entry 2 sense 15) in which one player or team wins every game Judeo-hybrid languages were spoken dialects which mixed elements of the local vernacular, Hebrew, Aramaic and Jewish religious idioms. The appeal of a bagel may change upon being toasted. [3] Leavening can be accomplished using a sourdough technique or a commercially produced yeast. [8] Bagels have been widely associated with Ashkenazi Jews since the 17th century; they were first mentioned in 1610 in Jewish community ordinances in Krakw, Poland.[2]. However, as a result of the Holocaust, World War II and immigration, the secular Yiddish-speaking community is very small, and is far outnumbered by religious Yiddish-speaking communities in New York City, Los Angeles, Antwerp, Jerusalem, Bnei Brak, London and others, making the Yeshivish variant the predominant contemporary Yiddish dialect.
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