Also shows average family size in each state. of Agriculture report. Wages shown in contemporary US dollars. In 1974, the Environmental Protection Agency commissioned photojournalist Jack Corn to document the plight of the American coal miner in Appalachia. Here Are the Best Reviewed Books of the Month. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages for various occupations in Tokyo. Prices are shown in Japanese yen. Managers worried about competition, costs, and controlling workers who spoke multiple languages and labored out of view. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Every workday a panel of miners, ranging from fourteen to twenty-eight men, passed through a main entry and then turneddown a side entry. By 1910, more Italian immigrants lived in McDowell County than anywhere else in the state. Three decades earlier a boy about the same agea newly emancipated slavehad worked in the same minefield. Shows salaries at the state, county and city levels. Miners spent their entire shift underground, taking lunch, drinks, and snacks with them. Coal powered industrial America. Describes the labor policy of Mexico in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Source: BLS. Part of a section on Negro women's wages. Source: BLS Source: BLS, See fairly comprehensive coverage of this topic in Appendix 23, "Charges for various kinds of medical services" in, Fee schedules established by the Ohio State Medical Association for. Discusses household expenditures for electricity, and estimates the number of homes that had various electrical appliances (radios, refrigerators, irons, etc.) Shows expenditures among rural Virginia families for food, housing, clothing, automobiles, health insurance, recreation, personal items and more. The miners dressed in overalls, or bank clothes, for working the coal banks and wore cloth caps fitted with small oil lamps that lit their way in the tunnels. Instead of paying miners by the ton, they hired them as employees and paid an hourly wage. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. This earlier catastrophe outraged Mother Jones, who spoke of it often on her organizing campaign that year, and it had triggered public pressure to improve the states mine safety laws. The legislature rejected all proposals for reform, however. Gasoline cost an average21.7 per gallon in 1929. At dawn, the workers reported to the payroll clerk in the company office, where they were handed numbered brass checks to attach to each coal car they loaded. A miners compulsion to load as much coal as possible was tempered by experience, however. Besides know-how, the miners depended upon instinct and luck. Source: BLS Bulletin no. Click for more info about the kind of home a family earning less than $2,500 annually could buy in 1928. Issues of Telephone engineer & management detail rates for telephone service in many states. Each table spans 2 book pages, and row labels only show on even-numbered pages. Wages are shown in Latvian rubles. Wages are shown in 1931 US dollars. Income statistics of full time professional women were published in study by the Association of Business and Professional Women. Wages are in contemporary US dollars. Source: BLS. Few words meant more to mine workers than manliness, a quality that connoted dignity, respectability, defiant egalitarianism, and patriarchal male supremacy, in the words of historian David Montgomery. After the top fell, they returned to break and load the fallen coal before another layer of the top came crashing down with a tremendous roar. Other enslaved African Americans escaped from the salt works to Ohio, a free state only 60 miles away. Compensationby job titlefor New York City, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, San Francisco and more cities. In 1900 almost 2 percent of Americans were coal miners. The survey covered 114 different cotton mills in 12 different state, and generally divides tables by occupation, sex, and year or occupation, sex, and state. Paragraph below the table describes the weekly earnings of blast furnace workers, smelters, rolling mill operators, and foundry workers in both Pounds Sterling and U.S. Prices are shown in Swiss francs. Wages shown in 1931 US dollars. Shows forty pages of incomedata with numerous breakouts. Salt operators eventually hired more white or free-black laborers due to the risk of investing money in bondsmen, who frequently were killed or injured in the mines. Before the 1930s, many boys worked in mines. Cabinets and cookware. Engineers working for Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Co. used this model to visualize the coal seams and design their mines. Tip: use the search tool to look for words like cents or rate. After the Civil War, industrialization meant a nearly limitless demand for anthracite and bituminous coal, and hundreds of thousands of new jobs . First, the men had topush an empty coal car up wooden rails that they had installed on their own time. Source: For each college, this table shows tuition for residents and non-residents by course of study. By 1850, approximately half of Kanawha Countys slaves worked in the salt industrymany mined coal to fuel the furnaces. Meal time was cold, cramped, and wet. Wages are based on the average weekly full-time positions from large cities. It provided a $1.20-a- day wage increase effective Jan, and an increase of 80 cents a day beginning April 1, 1959. Each table is for a different New Zealand city. Board a ship to cross the wave; Shows dollar amount and % of total budget spent on various categories of goods and services, broken out by urban/rural families. Then, with their lamps casting a dim yellow light on the dark hillside, the men and boys disappeared one by one into the hole, like ants entering a colony. Shows firemen salaries for 25 American cities including New York City, Chicago, New Orleans, Indianapolis, Buffalo, Boston, Detroit, Cleveland, St. Louis, Kansas City and more. But Appalachian coal production peaked in 1918. Wages are shown in Czech krone. Wages are shown in Sweden kronor. Includes the states of RI, NJ, OH, DE, OK, MO, GA, TN, AR, KY, SC, AL and MS. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1930. Source: Includes district-specific information and the average output of coal per person per shift. Provides foreign wage data in native currency alongside the U.S. dollar equivalent to assist in comparing the rates. Source: BLS. Coffee cost an average 47 per pound in 1920. This booklet shows prices for hotels and amenities such astelephone, restaurant meals,haircuts, bath house, etc. Shows prices for articles of clothing sold in 35 retailer shops in twelve cities. Shows the average daily wages of various occupations in Athens and Piraeus. A settlement was reached when the coal board added an extra pound to wage rates after two-and-a-half days' intensive negotiations at the industry's London headquarters. Processing plants called breaker buildings were symbols of pride for mine communities. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly, daily, and weekly earnings in Milan for various industries. Shows brand names. Source: BLS. Manufacturing wages -- SEE box further below. MORE PRICES in the U.S. Source: BLS. Shows wages paid on American, Belgian, British, Danish, Dutch, French, Spanish and Swedish cargo ships, by occupations including seamen, engineers, first mates, second mates, radio operators, boatswains, firemen, coal passers, stewards, cooks, waiters, messmen, mess boys, carpenters, deck engineers, quartermasters, store keepers, donkey men, and more. Source: Discusses average prices American families were paying for medical care and hospital trips. Data gathered by the National Industrial Conference Board (a group of industry associations) which used European government publications for information. Farm laborers in Missouri earned an average $41.90/month in 1921. Conversely, a dollar earned in 1928 had the same buying power as abut $15 in the year 2020. Includes wage data for Chicago as well. Wages for workers engaged in the manufacture of iron and steel goods, machinery, railway rolling stock, boilers, vehicles, aircraft, electrical apparatus, scientific instruments and more. By 1854, forty-six percent of all American pig iron had been smelted with anthracite coal as a fuel, and by 1860 anthracite's share of pig iron was more than fifty-six . Its an era of company town labor we are not likely to see return as automation and renewable energy continue to render these kinds of occupations obsolete. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages for workers in different occupations in French coal mines. Montgomery Ward catalog shows prices of radios and radio supplies on 60+ pages. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Veteran colliers knew competitive individualism bred greed, hostility, thievery, and a disregard for mine safety. Shows the average daily wages Greek workers were receiving in metal mines, lignite mines, smelting and refining plants, and quarries. To view an issue of interest, select it from the list and click View. This risk increased enormously when inexperienced miners failed to undercut the coal before blasting and took the risk of shooting on the solid.. over the years. Must use "search in this text" feature to navigate. in FOREIGN COUNTRIES, FOOD Source: BLS, Shows the wage scale for various occupations for Japanese and Chinese workers in Dairen. "75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935" West Virginias drift mines were cut into the mountains horizontally and its slope mines descended gradually into the earth. Retreat mining required the rapid destruction of these pillars, each containing tons of valuable coal, before the mine collapsed. They designed complex ventilation systems with fans and interior doors to keep dangerous gases from causing explosions. Table 41 in this source shows the average salary for all teachers in elementary and secondary schools in New York state, not including NYC. "The sum of $4,000 will buy only a very modest home and even then it will have to be in one of the smaller citiesor in a remote suburb of a large city." Survey covered only white families over a certain. Shows average dollar amount spent annually in categories such as food, clothing, maintenance of health, personal goods, furniture and more. The need to correct these abuses led the UMWA to demand the employment of a check-weigh man whom the miners could trust. Managers liked immigrants because they worked for low wages. Shows the average monthly wages of multiple occupation in the Alaskan fishing industry. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of foodstuffs and other necessities in Greece. Table shows average cost to rent houses by the number of rooms in each of 25 New Zealand cities and towns. 5-6. Typewriters, school supplies, office supplies, fountain pens, more fountain pens, books, drawing sets, home office furniture. The correct use of explosives depended on the miners skill and knowledge of how to drill, how much powder to use, and how to damp a charge properly. During the 1910s and 1920s, minimum wage laws were adopted by a handful of states and generally applied only to women and children. Shows the wages of Japanese mining workers by gender and age. 407. continue to render these kinds of occupations obsolete. Mentions the wages paid to both skilled and unskilled workers in francs. Wage rates by occupation in foreign countries (sometimes just to a certain city in the foreign country), assembled for easy comparison to U.S. wage rates for the same occupations. Under these terms, a hard worker could earn $2.00 for ten to twelve hours of labor, if the work was steady. Recognizable name brand items in the price lists include Canada Dry Ginger Ale, Quaker Oats, Cream of Wheat, Hershey's Cocoa, Aunt Jemima Pancake Flour, Mazola Oil, Wesson Oil, Coleman's Mustard, Post Toasties, Morton's Salt, Knox Gelatin, Sun Maid Raisins, Palmolive soap, Log Cabin syrup, Del Monte canned goods, Heinz ketchup, Gold Medal flour, Carnation Milk, Life Savers candy, Bon Ami scouring powder, Lucky Strike cigarettes, Camel cigarettes, Scott Tissue toilet paper, and many other brand name items. by OCCUPATION Despite significant danger, miners received little compensation for injuries. Source: Covers elementary schools and junior high schools in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. Miners waiting to start their shift at the Virginia-Pochahontas Coal Company mine near Richland, Virginia, in 1974. Links to government documents and primary sources listing retail prices for products and services, as well as wages for common occupations. Typical compensation for directors, camera men, editors and more in, Shows typical earnings for reporters, feature writers, sports editors and others, in. Mostly covers manufacturing industries (tobacco was prominent), but there is some data for women who worked in mercantile stores, 5-and10-cent stores, and in laundries. Typically, workers could get an advance on pay, in company-issued paper currency, called scrip, or tokens to buy goods. See quartile, "Women in Alabama industries: a study of hours, wages and working conditions," Women's Bureau Bulletin #34 (. 7-8 in: Extensive, 219-page report published in the Bureau of Labor StatisticsBulletin no. Lists wages paid to auto mechanics, office workers, window cleaners, barbers and hairdressers, bartenders in saloons, domestic servants, people working in social agencies, and more. 365-372. Source: Source: BLS Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1931 edition. Prices are shown in Spanish pesetas. Details the prices of appliances, furniture, and more household items on pp. Boys learned the mining craft from their fathers and later passed this knowledge on to their own sons. Shows the hourly, daily, and biannual earnings of different occupations in the Missouri coal industry between 1890-1922. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. It is not yet available to read online; check your local library for a printed copy. Shows the weekly earnings for 9 occupations in Amsterdam, Haarlem, the Hague, and Rotterdam. When he lit the fuse, the lead miner hollered, Fire in the hole, and scuttled out of the room with his buddy.
Guided Reading Activity Northwestern Europe Lesson 1, Articles H