Used as an oxidising agent in the manufacturing of dyes. An example is heating PbO with mild organic reducing agents such as glucose. 12.16 Lead Oxide And Pigment Production 12.16.1 General1-2,7 Lead oxide is a general term and can be either lead monoxide or "litharge" (PbO); lead tetroxide or "red lead" (Pb3O4); or black or "gray" oxide which is a mixture of 70 percent lead monoxide and 30 percent metallic lead. 600 C. PbO. Lead Oxide. It dissolves in nitric acid with the evolution of nitric oxide gas to form dissolved Pb(NO3)2. Keep unprotected persons away.Ensure adequate ventilationEnvironmental precautions: Do not allow product to enter drains, sewage systems, or other water courses.Methods and materials for containment and cleanup:Dispose of contaminated material as waste according to section 13.Ensure adequate ventilation.Prevention of secondary hazards: No special measures required.Reference to other sectionsSee Section 7 for information on safe handlingSee Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.See Section 13 for disposal information. Lead dioxide is representative of the +4 oxidation state, and is a powerful oxidizing agent. Information on basic physical and chemical propertiesAppearance:Form: Powder or solid in various formsColor: YellowOdor: OdorlessOdor threshold: No data available.pH: N/AMelting point/Melting range: 886 C (1627 F)Boiling point/Boiling range: No data availableSublimation temperature / start: No data availableFlammability (solid, gas) No data available.Ignition temperature: No data availableDecomposition temperature: No data availableAutoignition: No data available.Danger of explosion: No data available.Explosion limits:Lower: No data availableUpper: No data availableVapor pressure: N/ADensity at 20 C (68 F): 9.53 g/cm3 (79.528 lbs/gal)Relative density No data available.Vapor density N/AEvaporation rate N/ASolubility in / Miscibility withWater: InsolublePartition coefficient (n-octanol/water): No data available.Viscosity:Dynamic: N/AKinematic: N/AOther information No data available, Chemical stability Stable under recommended storage conditions.Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided: Decomposition will not occur if used and stored according to specifications.Possibility of hazardous reactions Reacts with strong oxidizing agentsConditions to avoid No data availableIncompatible materials:AcidsOxidizing agentsHazardous decomposition products: Lead oxide fume. [7], It was also used before the 18th century as medicine.[8]. COPYRIGHT 1997-2022 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. Consult a physician.If swallowed:Seek medical treatment.Information for doctorMost important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:No data availableIndication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:No data available. See more Lead products. Preparation of MnO2-modified graphite sorbents from spent Li-ion batteries for lead, cadmium and silver contaminated water treatment. xb```}`2b,@qADJ&&gY308U*b }x- I/ PbO2 is not combustible, but it enhances flammability of other substances and the intensity of the fire. A vivid red or orange block, it is used in the manufacturing of batteries as a pigment, and rustproof priming paints. Commercially it is produced by methods of reacting lead dioxide with dilute nitric acid: Pb3O4 + 4 HNO3 PbO2 + 2 Pb(NO3)2 + 2 H2O. conductive ceramics: Thick-film and thin-film resistors and electrodes, glass: Optical and high-temperature glass, amorphous solid: Properties of oxide glasses. The lead concentrations are plotted as a function of the total chloride present. Lead(II,IV) oxide, also called red lead or minium, is the inorganic compound with the formula .A bright red or orange solid, it is used as pigment, in the manufacture of batteries, and rustproof primer paints.It is an example of a mixed valence compound, being composed of both Pb(II) and Pb(IV) in the ratio of two to one. It is an oxidizing agent. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, "A comparison of barton-pot and ball-mill processes for making leady oxide", Lead Processing @ Universalium.academic.ru, Case Studies in Environmental Medicine - Lead Toxicity, National Pollutant Inventory - Lead and Lead Compounds Fact Sheet, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead(II)_oxide&oldid=1140705633, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from June 2017, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Red tetragonal (-PbO), obtained at lower temperatures than the -PbO, Yellow orthorhombic (-PbO), which is obtained temperatures higher than 486C (907F), This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 10:07. [5] Thanks to the similarity, both allotropes can exist under standard conditions (beta with small (105 relative) impurities, such as Si, Ge, Mo, etc.). Sonochemical synthesis of two novel Pb(II) 2D metal coordination polymer complexes: New precursor for facile fabrication of lead(II) oxide/bromide micro-nanostructures. Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. lead dioxide reacts with hot acids, since Pb4+ cation is very instable, it converts in to stable Pb2+ state and oxygen is liberated. Anglesite, cerussite, and minim are other common lead containing minerals. f`h 3\"I (Lead(II) oxide)IMDG, IATA ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. ? At 580C, the reaction is complete. The former is more common. The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It dissolves in dilute nitric acid, hydrochloric . We provide you year-long structured coaching classes for CBSE and ICSE Board & JEE and NEET entrance exam preparation at affordable tuition fees, with an exclusive session for clearing doubts, ensuring that neither you nor the topics remain unattended. Lead dioxide can also withstand chlorine evolution in hydrochloric acid. Learn more about the Structure, physical and chemical properties of PbO2 from the experts at BYJUS. Available epidemologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans.Available evidence suggests that the agent is not likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.IARC-2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans: limited human evidence; sufficient evidence in experimental animalsReproductive toxicity:May damage fertility or the unborn child.The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains reproductive data for this substance.Specific target organ system toxicity - repeated exposure: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.Specific target organ system toxicity - single exposure: No effects known.Aspiration hazard: No effects known.Subacute to chronic toxicity: The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains multiple dose toxicity data for this substance.Additional toxicological information: To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known. It is soluble in nitric and acetic acids, from which solutions it is possible to precipitate halide, sulfate, chromate, carbonate (PbCO3), and basic carbonate (Pb3(OH)2(CO3)2) salts of lead. An alternative synthesis method is electrochemical: lead dioxide forms on pure lead, in dilute sulfuric acid, when polarized anodically at electrode potential about +1.5V at room temperature. PbO is representative of lead's +2 oxidation state. Synonym: Lead tetroxide Chemical Name: Lead tetroxide Chemical Formula: Pb3O4 Contact Information: Sciencelab.com, Inc . 4 H302 Harmful if swallowed.Acute Tox. [16], The consumption of lead, and hence the processing of PbO, correlates with the number of automobiles, because it remains the key component of automotive leadacid batteries.[17]. [6] Both allotropes are black-brown in color and always contain some water, which cannot be removed, as heating also causes decomposition (to PbO and Pb3O4). 3 PbO Lead(II,IV) oxide was shown to be carcinogenic for laboratory animals. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. PbO occurs in two polymorphs: litharge having a tetragonal crystal structure, and massicot having an orthorhombic crystal structure. Strontium oxide and Barium oxide are preferred for the faceplate. Low-Valent Lead Hydride and Its Extreme Low-Field (1)H NMR Chemical Shift. [12] This mismatch in mechanical properties results in peeling of the coating which is preferred for bulk PbO2 production. hydroxy plumbate ion, [Pb(OH). 0 O The alpha allotrope is rhombohedral, and the beta allotrope is tetragonal. Lead(II) sulfate is poorly soluble, as can be seen in the following diagram showing addition of SO24 to a solution containing 0.1M of Pb2+. During thermal oxidation of lead, first a PbO layer forms on the metal surface, followed by an oxidation reaction that proceeds via a solid . The former has two allotropes: -PbO and -PbO, both with layer structure and tetracoordinated lead. It is considered to be a carcinogen. 3 Pb + 8 H + + 8 NO 3 3 Pb 2+ + 6 NO . . As a solid, lead dioxide forms a dark brown powder that is odorless and insoluble in water, with a melting . Additional information about design of technical systems:Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.Control parametersComponents with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace:1317-36-8 Lead(II) oxide (100.0%)PEL (USA) Long-term value: 0.05 mg/m3as Pb; See 29 CFR 1910.1025REL (USA) Long-term value: 0.05* mg/m3as Pb;*8-hr TWA; See Pocket Guide App. In case of high dose, the victim experiences a metallic taste, chest pain, and abdominal pain. When heated with nitrates of alkali metals, metallic lead oxidizes to form PbO (also known as litharge), leaving the corresponding alkali nitrite. Lead oxide powder, 99.99% trace metals basis; CAS Number: 1314-41-6; EC Number: 215-235-6; Synonyms: Lead oxide, red,Lead(II,IV) oxide,Minium; Linear Formula: Pb3O4; find Sigma-Aldrich-577847 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & more at Sigma-Aldrich. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Lead dioxide electrodes have a dual action, that is both the lead and oxygen ions take part in the electrochemical reactions.
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