A dictatorship is an authoritarian structure of government. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). To enact policy, a dictator must either appease the regime's elites or attempt to replace them. Adolf Hitler: 14 most cruel dictators Benito Mussolini: 14 most cruel dictators Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924): 14 most cruel dictators Joseph Stalin: 14 most cruel dictators Mao Zedong or Mao or Mao Tse Tung: 14 most cruel dictators Muammar Gaddafi: 14 most cruel dictators Idi Amin (1920-2003): 14 most cruel dictators [37], Personalist dictators typically favor loyalty over competence in their governments and have a general distrust of intelligentsia. Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. The leaders of dictatorships are not outwardly identified as dictators when other people are addressing them. [123] The form of government does not correlate with the amount of economic growth, and dictatorships on average grow at the same rate as democracies, though dictatorships have been found to have larger fluctuations. [149] Military and one-party dictatorships are more likely to experience terrorism than personalist dictatorships, as these regimes are under more pressure to undergo institutional change in response to terrorism.[150]. Many others developed following a period of warlordism. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. The group may be military or political, it may be organized or disorganized, and it may disproportionately represent a certain demographic. Some of the multi-party states with governing communist parties include Brazil, Nepal, India, and Russia. the dictatorship of the proletariat had to be preserved in the socialist countries to assure that the reeducated minds of the workers already lucky enough to live under socialism were not re-infected by capitalist ideas coming in from outside the people's collectivist . Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. Cuba - Dictatorship 5. [90] These new African governments were marked by severe instability, which provided opportunities for regime change and made fair elections a rare occurrence on the continent. Types. * Venezuela - Nicolas Maduro * Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Abdulaziz * Algeria - Abdelaziz Bouteflika * Tunisia - Beji Caid Essebesi * Chad - Idriss Deby * Sudan - Omar al-Bashir * Cameroon - Paul Biy. The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. This world dictators list has everyone from Adolf Hitler to Kim Jong Un to many lesser-known rulers. [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. Current Dictators Kim Jong-un Kim Jong-un is North Korea's current dictator and the third generation Kim to rule the country, following the death of his father Kim Jong-il in 2011. [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. Syria - Well, it depends. When necessary, a dictator may also make an effort to replace or amend the nation's constitution to empower, enrich, or otherwise benefit the dictator and his/her allies to a greater degree. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. While the People's Republic of China was initially aligned with the Soviet Union, relations between the two countries deteriorated as the Soviet Union underwent de-Stalinization in the late-1950s. Dictatorships seem much more extreme and unethical to people who enjoy the privilege of an outside perspective. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. The Countries with Dictatorships in the Modern World As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. Its purpose is to collect information, mobilize society, and induce compliance with the dictatorships directives. Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. While Thailand remains the world's last active military dictatorship, other notable examples of modern countries with histories of military rule include: Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Greece. [93] Chiang Kai-shek continued to rule as dictator of the National government's rump state in Taiwan until his death in 1975. [148], Institutions that coerce the opposition through the use of violence may serve different roles or they may be used to counterbalance one another in order to prevent one institution from becoming too powerful. The Soviet Union occupied nationalist dictatorships in the east and replaced them with communist dictatorships, while others established liberal democratic governments in the Western Bloc. Is North Korea a dictatorship? Therefore, the entire country operates on the whims of that one person. [80] Italian dictator Benito Mussolini seized power in 1922, and began implementing reforms in 1925 to create the first fascist dictatorship. They are more likely to end in violence and less likely to democratize than other forms of dictatorship. This is often done via questionable means, including intimidation, imprisonment (lawful or not), physical violence, or even assassination. Kim Jong-Il (1.6 million deaths) Kim Jong-il in 2010. Right now, 74% families are homeowners. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. [108], Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. If you think that today's world is all about democracy, human rights, and freedoms, you live in a total illusion and you should definitely read our list of 15 countries with dictatorships today. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie. Most of them are characterized by a single leader with either no party or one that is weak. Hybrid dictatorships blend elements of the other four types. This does not indicate cases of semi-democracy or semi-dictatorship. In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus [1]:70. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. Given the degree of censorship and control China's government leverages over its citizens, most political experts would call it a dictatorship. Therefore, it is impossible to know if the regime is a democracy or a dictatorship, so DD Index considers them dictatorships until an alternation in power occurs. After authoritarian monarchies, these tend to be the longest-lasting dictatorships, as they can more easily install a new dictator if the existing one leaves office (rare) or dies. The first distinction made is whether a democracy's government is responsible to the legislature. However, many people in long-running dictatorships such as North Korea and Cameroon have never experienced anything else, so living in a dictatorship is much less jarring and shocking to them. The People's Republic of China is currently ruled by President Xi Jinping, who also serves as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, the country's Vice President, the President of the Central Party School, and the 1st ranked member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee. [140] Elections are also used to control elites within the dictatorship by requiring them to compete with one another and incentivizing them to build support with the populace, allowing the most popular and most competent elites to be promoted in the regime. The dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945, Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919. [76][77] The Russian Revolution inspired a wave of left-wing revolutionary movements in Europe between 1917 and 1923, but none saw the same level of success. [8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. Explore a few of the famous ones. [103], Military dictatorships remained prominent in Latin America during the Cold War, though the number of coups declined starting in the 1980s. Imelda Marcos. Reading Time: 4 minutes. [8]:457 Elected heads of state are usually referred to as "president." Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. [8]:456, The second distinction made is whether the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. [1] Poverty has a destabilizing effect on government, causing democracy to fail and regimes to fall more often. As the dictatorship becomes more established, it moves away from violence by resorting to the use of other coercive measures, such as restricting people's access to information and tracking the political opposition. 1. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. One person holds all of the country's power. A dictator may have a team of officials who advise him or her and help keep the government running, but these officials ultimately have very little control or influence. Unfortunately, democracy is still shaky in many countries, a number of which are fighting violent religious insurrections, and the likelihood of any fallen dictator being quickly replaced by another dictator is high. Benito Mussolini was the first generally recognised fascist leader. The head of state in most parliamentary democracies formally appoint the head of government. [131] A military coup is often carried out when a regime is threatening the country's stability or during periods of societal unrest. 10. For dictatorships, monarchic, military and civilian dictatorship. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. They are in civil war, but the dictator is. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. Since the Korean War, North Korea has been ruled by a series of autocratic leaders. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. However, a political rights score of 6 or 7 corresponds most closely with our definition of dictatorship, based on Freedom House's characterization: 6 Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. If it is, then a further distinction is made between democracies where the head of state is popularly elected and those where the head of state is not popularly elected. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. Nations with a legacy of military dictatorship (s) In Africa Algeria (1965-1994) Burkina Faso (1966-1991) Burundi (1966-1993) Central African Republic (1966-1993) Chad (1975-1991) Congo-Brazzaville (1968-1992) Equatorial Guinea (1968-1982) Ethiopia (1974-1991) Gambia, The (1994-1997) Guinea (1984-1991) Ghana (1966-1969; 1972-1979; 1981-1993)
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