The ruling Republican government, led by the socialist premiers Francisco Largo Caballero and Juan Negrn (18941956) and the liberal president Manuel Azaa y Daz, was supported by workers and many in the educated middle class as well as militant anarchists and communists. The protagonist of Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Germany also made a great contribution in the form of specialists and A German term used by Hitler to describe the German people, Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people, made up by Italy, France, and Britain to keep the status quo in Europe when Hitler decided to rearm Germany, this was a report generated by a League of Nations to try to determine the causes of the Manchurian Incident which led to the Empire of Japan's seizure of Manchuria; it condemned Japan for resorting to force, but the powers were unwilling to impose sanctions; Japan then withdrew from the league and kept Manchuria, these were Fascists in Spain; they lost the 1936 elections; as a result, Francisco Franco led an army against the republic; this coup d'etat was successful and Franco became the dictator of Spain. Many fled Spain, becoming refugees and awaiting the toppling of the The Schlieffen Plan was constructed by Germany to deal with fighting a two-front war. War almost entirely in France. He sought to introduce mathematics into philosophy, and rejected ambiguities of languages applied to morals and values. Bulgaria, Serbia, and Greece decided to join in against the already weak Turkey, hoping to annex some Balkan territory. The Nationalists drove a salient eastward through Teruel, reaching the Mediterranean and splitting the republic in two in April 1938. One of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known as the co-founder, along with Georges Braque, of cubism. They laid siege to it but were unable to get beyond the University City area. He is best known for his landmark novel Ulysses. while better organized than the militias, was chronically short of arms and German word meaning "cleansed of Jews". In the ensuing years, the government became increasingly divided between the socialists of the extreme left and the monarchists of the extreme right. By all rights, the legitimate, elected government should have won this struggle against a handful of insurgent generals. Good Night and have a pleasant tomorrow. The kite soared majestically over the treetops. Term Paper, AP European History Class, April 2007 Table of Contents I. It developed as a short but highly significant artistic movement between about 1907 and 1914 in France. The war was an outcome of a polarization of Spanish life and politics that had developed over previous decades. bombing. Their blanket bombing on April 26, 1937 of the Basque town of Guernica was a tragedy not only for the Basques, but for the whole world., now introduced to a new tactic the deliberate bombing of unwarned civilians. by the end of March. It was a turning point for World War II. AP European History Past Exam Questions Free-Response Questions Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. within the ranks. Following the end of the Spanish civil war in 1939, the bodies of 1,700 Republicans -soldiers, civilians, people caught in the wrong place at the wrong time - were carted through the centre. This treaty averted war for the time being but left both the Russians and Turks dissatisfied and later was one of the causes for the First World War. Project for AP Euro about the Spanish Civil War. Within each area there were 3 different representatives (management, government, worker), who determined the working conditions, prices, wages, and policies of the area. How was the Spanish Civil War a preview for World War II? an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. His and his wife. occurred in 1923 when Germany stopped making their reparation payments required by the Treaty of Versailles. The right reacted with fervor. Renews March 10, 2023 Despite the division, the government managed to engage the greatest war effort since the First World War. AP European History: Post-War Europe {{cp.topicAssetIdToProgress[11397].percentComplete}}% complete On July 17, 1936, army officers in Spanish Morocco, North Africa, launched a revolt against the government. Loyalist volunteers arrived in Spain as wellthe International Brigades, about 40,000 volunteers from Europe and the United States, democrats, socialists, communists, and workers eager to fight for a new order. Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. One cause was that Spain wanted Independence AP European History Terms: World War II: Ms., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Milady - Chapter 11 - Disorders and Diseases, USCG Rules Lights & Shapes (Rules 23 & 24), Letter to the author/ editor - useful phrases. Thus, the We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Also known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, it was a non-aggression treaty between the German Third Reich and the Soviet Union. Gavrilo Princip was a member of a secret society named Black Hand and was the assassinator of Franz Ferdinand. an extended essay by Virginia Woolf. Their intervention in the Spanish Civil War was a prologue to World War IL. for a customized plan. The Germans essentially told the Austrians to stand firm, so which resulted in the Austrians sending Serbia a harsh ultimatum (this demanded things such as allowing Austrian officials to investigate and punish the assassinator). In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). This war was begun when Italy declared war on Turkey and conquered Tripoli and the Dodecanese Islands. It was the first disarmament conference in history, and is studied by political scientists as a model for a successful disarmament movement. In any event, the proliferation of executions, murders, and assassinations on both sides reflects the great passions that the Civil War unleashed. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. By the time the fighting ended on June 2, 1945, the U.S. had lost 50,000 men and the Japanese 100,000. the name used in the first half of the 20th century for the regions inhabited mostly by Germans in the border areas of Bohemia, Moravia, and those parts of Silesia associated with Bohemia. The Republican forces had put down the uprising in other areas, except for some of the larger Andalusian cities, including Sevilla (Seville), Granada, and Crdoba. English Civil War Thirty Years' War (2000) "Leadership determines the fate of a country." Evaluate this quotation in reference to Spain's experience under Philip II. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Spanish-Civil-War. Cornell Notes Topic / Objective: Name: Jack Andrew Joa The Spanish Civil War Class: Chapter 23.4 Notes Period: Date: Essential Question: The Spanish Civil War Chapter 23.4 Notes Questions: Notes: Spain: World War I: Neutral. a conflict in which the Francoists or Nationalists, led by General Francisco Franco, defeated the Republicans or Loyalists of the Second Spanish Republic. The Loyalists held the capital at Madrid, the Basque Country, and the developed eastern seaboard, including Catalonia with its cosmopolitan capital at Barcelona. The rebels Hitler commissioned the film and served as an unofficial executive producer, an fascist political organization founded by Jos Antonio Primo de Rivera in 1933 in opposition to the Second Spanish Republic. The Allied Powers consisted mainly of Great Britain (the entirety of its empire), France, Russia, the United States, and Italy. France During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938). an international organization that oversees the global financial system by observing exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering financial and technical assistance when requested. (2002) Compare and contrast the religious policies of TWO of the following: Elizabeth I of England Catherine de Medicis of France Isabella I of Spain The English Civil War . City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. AKA Battle of the Ardennes started on December 16, 1944. planned by the Germans was to split the British and American Allied line in half, capturing Antwerp and then proceeding to encircle and destroy four Allied armies, forcing the Western Allies to negotiate a peace treaty in the Axis's favor. stirred by the Nationalists were easily defeated in many cities where the loyal Bismarck allied Germany with Austria-Hungary and then with Italy in 1882. The origins of the conflict and goals of the participants were complex, and no single cause can accurately be described as . Government of the unoccupied part of France after the countries defeat by Germany, French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970). Among the most notable artistic responses to the war were the novels Mans Hope (1938) by Andr Malraux, Adventures of a Young Man (1939) by John Dos Passos, and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) by Ernest Hemingway; George Orwells memoir Homage to Catalonia (1938); Pablo Picassos painting Guernica (1937); and Robert Capas photograph Death of a Loyalist Soldier, Spain (1936). He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. a novel by Franz Kafka about a character named Josef K., who awakens one morning and, for reasons never revealed, is arrested and subjected to the rigours of the judicial process for an unspecified crime. a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. This man led the Fascists, fighting republican forces. He is particularly remembered for advocating interventionist government policy, by which the government would use fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions, depressions and booms. Omissions? Austrian Chancellor who refused to be intimidated by Hitler and decided to announce a plebiscite on March 13th in which Austrian people themselves could decide whether to unite with Germany. After the 1936 elections produced a Popular Front government supported mainly by left-wing parties, a military uprising began in garrison towns throughout Spain, led by the rebel Nationalists and supported by conservative elements in the clergy, military, and landowners as well as the fascist Falange. Government forces put down the uprising in most regions except parts of northwestern and southwestern Spain, where the Nationalists held control and named Francisco Franco head of state. $24.99 Spanish Civil War This war broke out in 1936, and made the new European alignment that found the Western democracies on one side and the fascist states on the other clearer. The Cuban movement for independence from Spain in 1895 garnered considerable American support. After the war, he was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery. They granted the right to vote to women. France signed treaties with each of the countries. Economists consider him one of the main founders of modern theoretical macroeconomics. Fascist and extreme-right forces responded in July 1936 with an army mutiny and coup attempt that expanded into a civil war. Pan-Slavism was preached by leading Russians in the years of the Russo-Turkish War. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union as well as from the International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and North America. Britain, as a result, stood by France all the more firmly. until his death in 1975. but he knew nothing of the generals' plans. Between these extremes were other groups covering the political spectrum from monarchism and conservatism through liberalism to socialism, including a small communist movement divided among followers of the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and his archrival, Leon Trotsky. A union of Britain and its many current and former colonies. violence and anarchy which reigned in the streets of Spain. AP Euro. .And Generalismo Franco Franco is still dead. The main antagonists were the Nationalists under Gen. Francisco Franco and the Republicans underFrancisco Largo Caballero and, later, Juan Negrn. Amidst this rapid political fluctuation, and in the dawn of the Spanish Civil War, came the advent of the Spanish Falange. A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. His third period as Prime Minister was during the crisis of the Great Depression when he formed a "National Government" in which a majority of MPs were from the Conservatives, and as a result he was expelled from the Labour Party. He served longer as the leader of the Labour Party than anyone else in British history. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The D-Day invasion began on the 5 beaches of this region. Europe was divided by the "iron curtain'. 20: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, Ch. There were 50,000 Italian soldiers in Spain at the height of The Spanish conflict quickly generated worldwide fears that it could explode into a full-fledged European war. World War II Pacific battle; decisive U.S. victory over powerful Japanese carrier force. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Seeking allies against the threat of Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union had embraced a Popular Front strategy, and, as a result, the Comintern directed Spanish communists to support the Republicans. "Monty", was a British Army officer. leader of the American forces in Europe during WWII leader of troops in Africa and commander in D Day invasion, Italian fascist who rules after Mussolini and with whom the US negotiates a surrender (so much for unconditional surrender--Stalin embittered). They assured an alliance with each other while agreeing to support each other against Allied powers. Mussolini's Italy sent guns, tanks, Planes, and men. The Entente Cordiale was an agreement between Britain and France to support each other against protests by a third nation and in which they cleared up conflicts about over-seas possessions (such as British occupation of Egypt and French penetration of Morocco). Mussolini had been involved to some extent in Spanish affairs before the revolt, Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? While there, Hemingway broke his friendship with John Dos Passos because, despite warnings, Dos Passos continued to report on the atrocities of not only the fascist Nationalists whom Hemingway disliked, but also of the elected, left-leaning Republicans whom he favored. Thus strengthened, the Loyalists fought desperately against Franco and his supporters (including the Roman Catholic Church, of whom they murdered more than 1000 priests and nearly 300 nuns). prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. He successfully commanded Allied forces at the Battle of El Alamein, and troops under his command were largely responsible for the expulsion of Axis forces from North Africa. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% A region in northwestern France on the English channel.
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