wife get pussy fuck. The left side of the butt is marked with the serial number (the last digit is small). This rifle became the main German battle rifle of World War II, and was exported by the Germans to several other countries. Forum. The vz. 24 rifles. 7 day inspection period on all website purchases. Our Assessment: This Czechoslovakian VZ 24 is in nice shape. Some of these rifles were then sent to Vietnam to arm the Viet Cong, and some were captured a third time by American forces during the Vietnam War. The buttplate is also stamped RFV. This can be determined by the markings on your rifle. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. For example, Mauser-Werke Oberndorf has a crown over an M stamped on the receiver. Welcome to the FORUM.. A forum community dedicated to all firearm owners and enthusiasts. The proof mark is important because it assures you that your rifle is safe to fire. The vz. [citation needed], https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vz._98/22&oldid=1092503460, This page was last edited on 10 June 2022, at 18:27. Add to Compare. Guatemala and El Salvador ordered 4,000 and 300 7.92mm rifles in 1937, respectively, and Nicaragua purchased 1,000 7mm rifles that year. [32], This article is about the bolt-action rifle. We have not fired this rifle. Jan 29, 2013. The Fora platform includes forum software by XenForo. These rifles, as with any Czechoslovak rifle, will have a (Z) stamp on most metal pieces of the rifle. It was not until 1944, after significant defeats at the hands of the Soviet Red Army, that Romania joined the Allies. Over the course of the contract, the Czechs manufactured between 400,000 and 750,000 Romanian vz. The Ask the Pros & What's It Worth? These rifles have receivers marked "tgf 1950" in a style just like the wartime German arsenal codes, but where the codes were random letters, this one stands for "Tschekoslovakische Gewehr Fabrik" or Czechoslovak Rifle Factory in German. Copyright 2011-2023 All Rights Reserved. This rifle was made with no receiver crest. Serial numbers can help you track down information about when and where the rifle was made. Romanian vz. 24s, which had been captured during the German invasion in 1941, were later seized by Soviet forces, who in turn used them to arm the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War in the 1960s. Mauser K-98k. I looked all over the internet and I could not find another mauser model that matches with the one I have. Markings: There is no visible import mark. I did some checking on my available resources (BOOKS! 24 was . These were used by the Czechoslovakian Army and also exported extensively both prior to and following the Second World War. Post War Czech K98 Mauser BRNO. The tactical block is very well made. After the defeat of the Second Spanish Republic, Generalissimo Francisco Franco kept the rifles that survived the battle until 1959, when they were sold to Interarms. [13] Yugoslavia purchased 40,000 rifles in 1926, all of which came from Czechoslovak Army stockpiles, and a further 10,000+ between 1928 and 1930. A forum community dedicated to survivalists and enthusiasts. Please let me know if the Forum requires any addition information because I am stumped. 24, and the remaining vz. 24 was chambered in 7.9257mm Mauser like its predecessors. ermk worked at Brno as a weapons designer from 1954 until his retirement in 1986. In this blog post, we will discuss how to decipher Mauser K98 markings. The bore is minty. We wish you well this holiday season. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. outstreached wings with the letters WaAxxx below, where xxx is a 2- or There is one dark area of discoloration on the left side of the stock. Sort By. [22], After the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1938, the Germans took existing stocks of the vz.24 into service under the designation Gewehr 24(t) ('t' being the national origin designator tschechoslowakisch, the German word for "Czechoslovak"; such national origin designators were German practice for all foreign weapons taken into service). 23A, which consisted of newly manufactured components. German / Czech Mauser The VZ 24 Mauser video: https://youtu.be/YCSdaJxCj_4***If you would like to help out and send me a tip:. 4. The manufacturers stamp is the most important marking because it tells you where the rifle was made. shoves the cartridge) usually has a 2- or 3-letter code with a number Folding knife bayonet permanently attached to the, Knife bayonet for use on the 7.62mm. Set Descending Direction. The exact number of rifles manufactured between 1938 and 1939 is unknown, but may be less than 10,000, based on serial numbers of surviving rifles. As this was the only Czechoslovakian bayonet officially designated VZ-23, the "Long" suffix is superfluous. 24 rifles to various countries across the globe, with variants chambered in the original 7.9257mm Mauser, 757mm Mauser, and 7.6553mm Argentine. The blade and crosspiece have a phosphate finish. JavaScript is disabled. AG, Werk Borsigwalde, Berlin-Borsigwalde, Eichborndamm. The K98 has a longer barrel than the K98k, which makes it slightly more accurate. The Czechoslovak military was particularly picky about the quality of their new service rifles, and only adopted a small number of them into their own military service. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. 24s saw action in Ukraine, Bessarabia, and in particularly heavy fighting during the Battle of Stalingrad. about the history of the piece. The crosspiece and blade are steel. Full length view of the Czech K98k along with issue bayonet, cleaning kit and chargers of ammunition. Markings of a VZ24 Officially, the Mauser rifle was selected for the Iranian army during Reza Shah's time. Alongside the primary 7.92x57mm Mauser cartridge, the vz. Categories. Second Media Inc., 30800 Telegraph Rd, Suite 1921, Bingham Farms, MI 48025 USA. Proof marks indicate that the firearm has been tested for quality control purposes. [10] In 1932, Brazilian revolutionaries ordered 15,000 rifles, which were built with bent bolt handles. The Vz. 94 W. Cochran St., Suite B Every week we put items for sale starting at $1 ! [1][2], Starting in 1923, Brno decided to develop a rifle based on the German Karabiner 98AZ, a shortened version of the Gewehr 98 with a 590mm (23.23in) barrel. Maschinenfabrik (ERMA); came under same management as Feinmechanische German WW2-era military rifles usually have markings on the receiver, Sling swivels were placed on the bottom rear of the butt and the left side of the grip and on the rear barrel band. SOLD - Factory Chrome Walther PPK - Rare. Maschinenfabriken, Werk Luebeck, Late code for Throughout the late 1920s and into the 1930s, Czechoslovakia exported hundreds of thousands of vz. The codes only went up to 999, after which the Zahlencode System was replaced by a Letter Code (Buchstabencode). A further order for 240,000rifles was placed in 1930, though these were for the vz.98/29 variant with a longer barrel; another order for 30,000 vz. PROOF MARKS: GERMAN PROOF MARKSPROOF MARKS: GERMAN PROOF MARKS, cont. After World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was dismantled; one of the new states to emerge from the ruins of the Habsburg Monarchy was Czechoslovakia. [5], Many South American countries purchased the vz. Also a dead give away it's a Polish Mauser are the dowel rods used on the hand guard to re-enforced the the beech wood. Bore is in excellent condition. The final order was placed in July 1938, as tensions escalated with Nazi Germany over the Sudeten Germans. The front sight is similar to what I seen on older Models like the Turkish 36/46 Kale and the rear sight matches some of the South American variants. Czechoslovakia was the only Warsaw Pact nation that did not use the AK47 or AKM. One of the most common markings on a K98 rifle is the manufacturers logo. "SZ" symbol, faded round stamp, crossed out PR20321 - stock/butt 3. triangle (or V with line over), 'cursive "r"' shape - barrel 4. The K98 was first introduced in 1898 and was immediately adopted by the German army. Following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, production continued for the Slovak Republic (a Nazi client state). Scabbard: "E" (lion) "23" and "CSZ" on frog stud. [7] The front sight blade was fitted with a protector to prevent it from being damaged. "Czech Mauser" can mean it is either a Vz 24 OR a Czech produced K98k (dot/dou/swp receiver marking). Nearly 200,000 rifles were purchased by China, seeing action in the Second Sino-Japanese War, which became part of World War II. 98/22 rifle. If it is a Czech produced K98k dated during wartime production, it may be decent price, if it is all matching. Hi to all, I was wonder if the forum can assist me in identifying a particular Mauser. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. The K-98k is a bolt action rifle that was built on the Model 98 system in the 8mm Mauser caliber. [17] After the war, Japan surrendered the rifles to China, which were then issued to Nationalist forces for use during the Chinese Civil War. 23 was a shortened version of the vz. for the transcription. Lithuanian vz. This rifle is in its original configuration with all original finish. [4][2], The vz.24 became the primary rifle of the Czechoslovak Army before World War II. Sword bayonet for use with the 8 mm. The scabbard is of blued sheet-rolled-steel. This rifle works great mechanically. We buy and sell collectible firearms and militaria ranging from the Civil War to Desert Storm, specializing in WW1 & WW2. 24 rifle in various calibers. Rifle was new made in the late 40's. Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk Inspection stamps show that the rifle passed muster with the German military. The K98k is a shorter and lighter version of the K98 that was introduced in 1935. Beyond Czech, German and Romanian forces, the vz. Overall, the rifle was 1,100mm (43.3in) long, and it weighed 4.2 kilograms (9.2lb). 24 rifles were placed in 1938 after the German invasion. The Mauser has a turn down bolt handle but not turn down all the way to recess the rifle stock. [18] China manufactured a copy of the vz. In 1922, it was chosen to build a derivative of the Mexican Mauser 1912. These included contracts for several South American countries, most of which were 7mm or 7.65mm guns. Most of the Romanian vz will have a letter followed by a R as a prefix in the serial number , if it has the large "winter " trigger guard it will be Czech post war production made from left over German occupation parts when they made them for the Nazi, you may even be able to find the remains of Nazi acceptance . In this case, the markings will be either the manufacturers code and/or date of production or the rifles serial number. [12] Like several other countries' orders, the initial contract for the 30,000 vz. 24 rifles to various countries across the globe, with variants chambered in the original 7.9257mm Mauser, 757mm Mauser, and 7.6553mm Argentine. Despite its age, the K98 remains a popular firearm among collectors and shooters. If you are lucky enough to find a K98 with interesting markings, take some time to research what they mean. Feel free to reach out to us or read our affiliate disclosure and privacy policy. 24s have a two-letter prefix at the start of the serial number, the first letter being variable and the second "R" to designate Romania. Items 1-64 of 76. [8], Starting in 1927, the Chinese Nationalist government began ordering rifles, and by 1937 had purchased 195,000vz. It still has a strong bore which should out last you if properly cared for. 23 rifle. Add to Compare. Markings on Mauser K98 rifles can provide a lot of information about the history of the firearm. Receiver markings including czech firing proofs, serial number and the BRNO rollmark. [5] Between 1924 and 1938, Czechoslovakia manufactured more than 775,600rifles, with the first rifles entering service in 1926. [6] These rifles saw action during World War II during the German invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, as well as during the Partisans' insurgency against the German occupation. The CZ commercial trademark is the letter "Z" inside a rifled bore. The Lithuanian Army acquired the vz. In good looking condition and likely refurbished over the years of service. The date is the second most important marking because it tells you when your rifle was made. It replaced the Gewehr 98 rifles purchased from Germany after the Treaty of Versailles. But what I do know is the Polish Arsenal scrubbed out info on the top of the receiver and sold then to Spain during the Spanish Civil War. The left rear of the hand guard is marked 86. 7/28/21 - Original 8mm Czechoslovak VZ24 rifle with Lion crest on the receiver and 1937 acceptance marks. On most Mauser rifles, there will be two sets of markings. The VZ22 bayonet copied the Austrian M1895 inverted blade profile, but used a Mauser style hilt. 24 rifle is a bolt-action carbine designed and produced in Czechoslovakia from 1924 to 1942. However, the Czechoslovakian designation for this bayonet was VZ23. The code indicates the manufacturer of the We will also provide some examples of common markings that you may find on a K98 rifle. 1. Romanian vz. The "musketon" rifles were designated as the Model 30 carbine, and in the late 1940s, Czechoslovakia assisted the Iranians with setting up a factory to manufacture their own license-built copies, the Model 49 carbine. The scabbard is blued. A Nazi-style eagle or Weimar style eagle represents that it is German manufactured. [4] Chinese models often have ideograms on the stock. This rifle is in its original configuration with all original finish. 24 rifle as its standard infantry rifle, though it had not acquired enough weapons to fully arm its troops by the time the country entered World War II in 1941. The biggest difference between the two is the length of the barrel. The serial number is located on the receiver, just behind the breach block. [8] In 1935, Latvia traded surplus No. I believe it was ordered by Romania originally. The top rear of the receiver shows scrapes and an area of thinning. 2. This example was produced in 1946, after the German occupation ended and before the communist take-over of Czechoslovakia in February 1948. Proof marks indicate that the firearm has been tested for quality control purposes. The all of the identification marking has been grounded out expect for the "Z" in a circle on the right side of the receiver. Mauser Military Rifles of the World" to help out in finding some more about the Polish Mauser. Bolt body, note the matching serial number. Very interesting. Approximately 100,000 VZ23 bayonets were made for use by the Czechoslovakian Army, before production of the VZ24 bayonet began. 98/22 rifles were either sold to Iran,[citation needed] Turkey, or on the public market. Many K98 rifles were captured by Allied forces and brought back to the United States as war trophies. Collectors of Mauser K98 rifles are always on the lookout for firearms with interesting markings. There is an import mark at the end of the. If you come across a rifle with no markings at all, it is likely that the rifle has been refinished and the original markings have been removed. sold to Spain during the Spanish Civil War. 24s. There are three main manufacturers of Mauser rifles: Mauser-Werke Oberndorf in Germany, Fabrique Nationale dArmes de Guerre in Belgium, and Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG in Austria. The wood stock is excellent. [8] Colombia ordered 10,000 rifles between 1929 and 1937 and Venezuela purchased an unknown number of rifles in 1930; both countries' rifles were chambered in 7mm. Get a heads up on all of our Sales, Promotions, and news updates (about 1 email per month). View of typical Czech Mauser Bayonet, out of scabbard; blade length ~11-5/8"; OAL ~16-7/8". Scabbard (frog stud): CZ Trademark "E3 (Lion) 46". Lock, Stock & Barrel Investments Many different types of markings can be found on K98 rifles, including manufacturers logos, proof marks, serial numbers, and inspection stamps. Some of the marks are deep and have removed small portions of the surface wood. Werke GmbH, Erfurt, Altonaerstr. Oberndorf a./N, early code, Mauser-Werke My book doesn't even reference a Polish Mauser but then again, it isn't a Mauser specific book. This is a very nice all original Yugo M48 BO Mauser Rifle chambered in 8mm Mauser. Just found a couple more markings on the receiver, on the barrel-side of the recoil lug. Please report any errors to me. The buttplate shows small scratches and surface erosion. The Mauser has a turn down bolt handle but not turn down all the way to recess the rifle stock. . This tells you that your rifle has been tested and approved by a proof house. Good luck. gunpowder than normally used to ensure safety) or Waffenamt (ordnance 98/22 is a Czechoslovak-designed, full-sized, bolt-action rifle, designed and produced in Czechoslovakia. Czech Vz24 Mauser Rifle REF. Production at esk Zbrojovka a. s. of Uhersk Brod ran from 19581984. [14] During World War II, Latvian resistance fighters employed the vz. For the semi-automatic pistol, see, Development and service with the Czechoslovak Army, List of common World War II infantry weapons, Weapons of Czechoslovakia interwar period, Rifle model 24 (puka vz. Add to Cart. I recently acquired a Czech Mauser but I have a difficult time trying to find out if its a VZ-24 or one of BRNO export models. 98/22 Short Rifle variant, though it did not see significant production. [24][25] The original flat butt plate was replaced with the cupped butt plate of the K98k type, and the walnut stocks were replaced with easier to produce laminate versions. [1][2] The original Gewehr 98 rifle featured a barrel that was 740mm (29in) long, which proved to be too long and cumbersome in the trench fighting of World War I. This example, made in 1940, is the final variant to carry the VZ24 designation until post-War production resumed in 1946. ermk passed away in 2012. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. Stock Configuration & Condition: The stock is a two piece hardwood with a pistol grip, finger grooves, four sling loops, nosecap, barrel band, through bolt, a metal marking disk and a metal buttplate. Action is the 1903 Intermediate with High Clip . czech mauser markings. Czechoslovakia produced the Kar 98k rifle and VZ24 bayonet from 19461950 for both domestic use and for export contracts. Czechoslovakian vz. $ 549.99. Page. 24 was used in Catalonia and the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula and saw action in the Battle of the Ebro, where the vz. Czech VZ-24 Mauser Upper/Front Barrel Band, "H" Type . 98/29 "musketon" rifles was placed at the same time. It was the standard infantry rifle of the German army from 1898 until 1935, when it was replaced by the Karabiner 98k. 24 has a longer top handguard, and it retains a straight bolt handle. The total order was not completed before Czechoslovakia was conquered by Germany. Between 1928 and 1938, the Bolivian Army purchased 101,000 vz. The barrel, receiver, bolt, etc. They can be used to get some historical information about 24 that featured a shorter barrel and a side folding bayonet. The Mauser 98 is a bolt-action rifle that was originally produced in 1898. per page. It may explain how I ended up with non-matching parts and a Czech stock. There is a surprising amount of variation in the construction of these bayonets. So I just bought a Czech vz.24 today, it is in quite good condition. barrel was test fired with cartridges loaded with a larger charge of 98/22 in 1922 from the basic Gewehr 98 design, with a 740mm (29.13in) long barrel, along with a vz. 24). It resembled the German Karabiner 98k, which it predated by more than a decade. This can be helpful in identifying the maker of the rifle. Werk Borsigwalde, Berlin-Borsigwalde, Eichborndamm, Feinmechanische Legacy Collectibles strives to provide quality investment-grade military collectibles to an appreciative public. It was registered in 1928 and remains in use today. 6/18/20 - Original 8mm Czechoslovak VZ24 rifle with Lion crest on the receiver and 1937 acceptance marks. The all of the identification marking has been grounded out expect for the Z in a circle on the right side of the receiver. Length: approximately 44 inches. Make: Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka, A.S. (Czechoslovakian Arms Factory Ltd.) located in Brno, Czechoslovakia, Action Type: Bolt Action, Internal Magazine. Romanian-contract vz. That year, Brno Arms Works, which had been controlled by the Czechoslovak government, was privatized to encourage export sales. Many Polish Mausers were covertly. I may have a working theory based on what the Russian did to all the Mosin Nagants after WWII. . I've spent the past week or so going through markings, reading histories . "tgf" was the Czechoslovakian Letter Code for Zbrojovka, Brno. Ammunition was stored in a five-round, fixed, internal magazine that fit flush with the bottom of the stock, which was fed with stripper clips. The underside of the bolt handle is marked K2 and circled Z. Visit our website for new treasures daily. Turkish models will also often have sights in Ottoman Turkish numerals or Arabic numerals. I recently acquired a Czech Mauser but I have a difficult time trying to find out if it's a VZ-24 or one of BRNO export models. 24 rifles, along with two other variants, through the late 1920s and 1930s, and later produced their own copies in the late 1940s. R - barrel (Romania I believe.) They bear the German Number Code 945, which was assigned to the former Zbrojovka, Brno Plant, under the Zahlencode System (Number Code System) used by Germany from 19251940 to hide the identities of firms manufacturing war materiel. 24s. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. One of the most common markings on a K98 rifle is the manufacturer's logo. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. The best way to ensure an item is yours is to purchase it directly off the website. Mauser-Werke AG, Many books refer to this bayonet as VZ-23 "Long." However, the Czechoslovakian designation for this bayonet was VZ-23. The following year, the factory began producing the first short rifles based on the German Gewehr 98 design, the Mauser Jelen. However, the extra length also makes the K98 heavier and more difficult to carry around. [12], After World War II, rifles from Czechoslovakia were sent to Iraq. If the rifle was adopted into Czechoslovak service, it will have a E-22 or E-23 mark, usually on the side of the receiver, just above the serial number. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. We believe we sell living history, and honor the veterans who fought and died for our freedoms. The date is usually stamped on the receiver, barrel, or stock. Its popularity is due in part to its association with Nazi Germany, as well as its ruggedness and reliability. It could have been something drummed up to help sell it. [19] Some of these rifles were captured by the People's Liberation Army and used in Korea. Bore Condition: The bore is semi bright and the rifling is deep. 24, which entered production in 1924. Reverse side, full length view. They must of came here before the required import stamp in 1968 and sold to retailer like Sear (the Wally World of its day) for the civilian market. PrOOF mark CirCa PrOOF hOuse tYPe OF PrOOF and gun since 1952 Ulm since 1968 Hannover since 1968 Kiel (W. German) since 1968 Munich since 1968 Cologne (W. German) since 1968 Berlin (W. German) Barrel Length: Approximately 23 1/4 Inches. czech mauser markingsczech mauser markingsczech mauser markings. information about that. Barrel length: approximately 24 inches. The 2018 edition of Gun Digest has a several page article covering the VZ24 Mauser. It was developed from the German Mauser Gewehr 98 line, and features a very similar bolt design. Germany acquired hundreds of thousands of the rifles in 1939 when they occupied Czechoslovakia and pressed them into service under the designation "Gewehr 24(t)"; during the occupation, production of the rifles continued until 1942, when the factories were converted to the German-designed Karabiner 98k. 1. Both rifles are very similar, but there are some key differences that you should be aware of before purchasing either one. They can be used to . Scopes, guns, boots and other tactical stuff in-between. Each initial letter denotes manufacturing blocks of 25,000 rifles. The third most important marking is the proof mark. denotes manufacture jointly by Gustloff Werke in Weimar, and Mauser-Werke department) markings, indicated by the symbol of an eagle with The Army continued to issue the VZ23 bayonets on hand until they were phased out in the mid-1930s. [3], Iranian models will always retain the Persian numerals on the sights. It has great markings on the metal and matching numbers on the receiver, bolt handle & stock. Clarifying The Nomenclature Associated With Early Czechoslovakian Mauser Bayonets, Remaining wartime production was modified to German specifications and designated S 24(t) [Seitengewehr 24, Communist Government adopted a Letter Code system, Return to Bayonet Identification Guide Index. The bayonet folds to the right side and stows in a depression in the rifle's forestock. Unlike the K98k, the vz. The LOP measures 13 inches from the front of the trigger to the back of the buttplate. Rifles by L. Olson (third edition, F. Brownell & Son, 1976, 12th (The - being a stand in for the Czechoslovak lion typical of Czech military proof markings) The rifles that were not adopted were sold in commission to either Iran,[citation needed] Turkey, or on the public market. The nose cap, bottom rear of the bolt body, the bottom metal, rear of the buttplate, top of the rear sight and the bottom of the grip are each marked with a circled Z stamp. Iran purchased vz. The front of the barrel and bottom metal show scrapes, small scratches and some small areas of frosting. These bayonets will fit both the Czech VZ23 and VZ24 Short Rifles; variants also were modified for the German K98 Mauser. 24s were bought by the Soviet Union from Czechoslovakia to be sent to the Spanish Civil War. Overall Condition: This rifle retains about 97% of its metal finish. below it. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. your particular rifle. This example was made in 1956 by esk Zbrojovka a. s. of Uhersk Brod, Czechoslovakia. Once production of the VZ98/22 rifles was superceded by the VZ23, production of the VZ22 bayonet also ceased. However, I'm wondering if anyone knows how to date these rifles to when they were produced. Original Czechoslovakian Army VZ23 bayonets exported had an edge-up blade profile and scabbard with the same frog stud as VZ22 bayonet. At least I can hope that my barrel / receiver can date back to 1931. http://www.surplusrifleforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=142554. 2022. AG, Oberndorf a./N, production in 1935, Mauser-Werke The Kurdish force proved to be the basis of the Peshmerga. Around 40,000 rifles were sent to Spanish Republican forces during the Spanish Civil War. This will tell you when your rifle was made. MAUSER remains true to its genesis and continues to make the most reliable firearms in the world. We offer a 7 day inspection period and hassle free returns to ensure every customer is happy with whatever they buy from us. Sounds like you're going to be spending some time deep in the interweb? Through our YouTube channel, we strive to educate and share the stories behind the artifacts we sell. [23], In 1942, the production line at the Povask Bystrica plant was converted entirely to building K98k rifles and the main plant in Brno was similarly converted the following year.