PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. The last date is today's . Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. What I really like about this book is the changing perspectives. With the threat of concentration camps looming, he and his family board a ship bound for the other side of the world, Isabel is a Cuban girl in 1994. Fast paced, insightful, filled with drama and tension. Things dont go as planned when a fight breaks out and the family has to leave their car and belongings behind. Ed. Ruth promises to help Mahmoud find Hana. After it capsizes, it is another boat that gives Hana a chance at life, and it is a Greek Coast Guard boat that ultimately rescues Mahmouds family. Mahmoud and his traumatized younger brother, Waleed, have learned to survive the frequent bombings and the bullying by majority Sunnis by learning to be invisible. However, the family is forced to act when their neighborhood is bombed. Josef's father suffers greatly from post traumatic stress disorder from his months of torture, starvation, and hard labor in the concentration camp. 2023 . Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! In the end, these three stories are connected. Refine any search. (including. Isabel Fernandez lives in Cuba in 1994. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. The chapter ends as Josef searches for his father and realizes his father has jumped overboard. By focusing on details such as Ruths stuffed rabbit, Mahmouds counterfeit life jackets, and Isabels trumpet, fiction forces readers to view tragedy not as a removed phenomenon, but as something happening daily to people like us.. Full of struggle, heroism, and non-stop adventure, Refugee is not only an important book, its a terrific story. publication online or last modification online. School Library Journal Audiobooks - STARRED REVIEW. Meanwhile, the civil war in Syria still continues to precipitate one of the worst humanitarian crises in history. "Refugee - Summary" eNotes Publishing Aarons purported crime is that he is still practicing law when the Nazis have expressly forbidden the Jewish community from that profession. This is a powerful and inspirational book written by Alan Gratz, a great author. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. Source (s) Refugee Empathy and Social Responsibility. Josef's story is set in Nazi Germany in 1939. Josef wonders what this means for (read more from the Pages 74 - 109 Summary). He is gaunt and thin; looking "like an escapee from a mental asylum" (36). Renews March 11, 2023 Empathy and Social Responsibility. Mahmoud should not have to decide to give away his little sister to save her life, Josef should not have to slap his father to subdue him, and Isabel should not have to scramble to arrange gasoline for a boat to take her family away to possible safety. The Landau's went through many hardships during the . Mahmouds journey is punctuated by icy rain even when he is still on dry land, as in Turkey, where his family scrambles for a dry place to stay. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. When the family finally gets to their promised boat, they find that it is merely a rubber raft. Josef's life is turned upside down on the night when Nazi Brownshirts take his father away to a concentration camp. Anincredibly important, heartrending, edge-of-the-seat read, bringing light to the plight of immigrants who search for safety and freedom. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. The citation above will include either 2 or 3 dates. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. Josefs hope starts to waver following the discovery that the ship may not actually allow them to find a new life in Cuba. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. eNotes.com The refugees aboard the St. Louis are delivered to England, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Mahmoud decides that he no longer wants to be ignored and leads the refugees out of the prison, walking twelve hours to Austria. With urgent, clear-eyed storytelling, Gratzs Refugee compellingly explores the desperation and strength that unites those struggling for a place to call home. Summary This section starts with Josef's perspective, somewhere on the Atlantic in 1939, "8 days from home" (74). Mahmoud Bisharas story is the most recent: he and his family live in Aleppo, Syria, in 2015 and escape to Germany. Mahmoud hands his sister, Hana, to another passing raft of refugees, knowing that his mother cannot hold her and swim. In what ways were they taken advantage of or harmed by the cruelty and apathy of others? Alan Gratz is the bestselling author of a number of novels for young readers. date the date you are citing the material. This dude does his history homework and then hides it in a total page-turner. Josef did, and he sacrificed himself for Ruth. Josef: Train to Hamburg - 1939, 1 day Themes and Colors Key Summary Analysis After school, Mahmoud, Waleed, and their mother, Fatima, do their usual afternoon prayer. Continue to start your free trial. The rumor proves all too true, however, when the ship is marooned at the Cuban harbor for days, with officials telling the passengers day after day they will be allowed to disembark maanaSpanish for tomorrow. Aaron, who suffers a mental breakdown and jumps ship, is rescued by a Cuban police officer called Mariano Padron and allowed into Cuba, but Josef, Rachel, and Ruthand the rest of the passengers of the St. Louisare turned back. Fidel Castro has taken over the country of Cuba and the citizens are sick of his dictatorship. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. The woman promises Mahmoud that she will help them find Hana and reveals to them her own story of being a refugee. Margaret Neville, The King's English Bookstore, 2018 Sydney Taylor Book Award Winner for Older Readers, 2018 National Jewish Book Award Winner for Young Adults, New York Times Notable Middle Grade Childrens Book 2017, 2017 Cybils Middle Grade Fiction Award Winner, 2018 Indies Choice/E.B. Instant PDF downloads. Refugee is both thrilling and heartrending. After the police see Isabels father participate in a riot, there is no option but for the Fernandez family to leave Cuba by boat. The way the content is organized, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. They run into several problems, like being in bloody water with many sharks around on a sinking boat and there are high stakes at the end. How does the. The two families face much peril in the Florida straits: giant tankers, a hurricane that blows them off course, running out of fuel and water, deadly sharks, and Mami's going into labor all while trying to avoid the U.S. Coast guard so that they can make it to shore where they can claim asylum. Josef and Rachel were captured by the Nazis, while Ruth was adopted by a kind French family. The hatred that Josef experiences on the tour only reminds him, and the readers, of the stakes of the trip. Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Josef warns his father that he must . Mahmoud Bishara's story begins in 2015, during the ongoing Syrian Civil War. (including. Note: When citing an online source, it is important to include all necessary dates. With riots and unrest plaguing her country, she and her family set out on a raft, hoping to find safety and freedom in America, Mahmoud is a Syrian boy in 2015. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. on 50-99 accounts. This is a must read for anyone, especially people who like history. Ruta Sepetys, author of Between Shades of Gray. And although Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud are separated by continents and decades, surprisingconnections will tie their stories together in the end. Even Mahmouds precarious raft is a promise of tomorrow. This heart-stopping novel is not only compelling it is necessary. The interplay between water and vessel, then, marks the unpredictable nature of a refugees journey. Refugee Alan Gratz Study Guide Summary Plot Overview Chapter Summaries Summary Chapter Summaries Josef / Berlin, Germany-1938 Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old boy living in Nazi Germany. Josef is a Jewish boy in 1930s Nazi Germany. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Gratzs stirring novel humanizes the plight of refugees worldwide. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. They wash their hands and pray facing Mecca, praising God and reciting from the Qur'an. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Josef is 12 years old at the beginning of the book, living in Nazi Germany in 1938, where Jewish people like Josef are treated as "subhuman" and second-class citizens. Josef Landau Josef is a 13-year-old Jewish boy living in Germany in the 1930s. Thank you! All will face unimaginable dangersfrom drownings to bombings to betrayals. The Circuit: Stories from the Life of a Migrant Child. This is an engaging tale. Teachers and parents! Complete your free account to request a guide. Through the perils and forced courage of his protagonists, Gratz highlights the biggest tragedy of all refugee crises in history: the loss of childhood. Out of these passengers, it was mostly those who found asylum in England who survived World War II. In Refugee, what is the climax of Mahmoud's story. Josef is a Jewish boy in 1930s Nazi Germany. In the end, these three stories are connected. On the sea, Mahmoud is marooned in the freezing Mediterranean, which ultimately capsizes his ramshackle raft. The citation above will include either 2 or 3 dates. Isabel Fernandez is an eleven-year-old girl who lives just outside Havana in 1994. Some novels are engaging and some novels are important. That day in 1940 in France, her mother could not make the impossible choice before her. This is thebeets in a brownieof kid lit. Isabels boat, too, tips over, the sea claiming her familys food and water. Isabels story starts with a riot. However, one day Castro announces that he wont enforce staying in the country anymore, and Isabels family is ready to leave in a small boat their friends made. Summary Themes Questions & Answers Characters Analysis Refugee Themes T he main themes in Refugee are trauma and growing up, the dehumanization of refugees, and empathy and hope. The refugees are welcomed in Austria, and Mahmouds family takes a train to Germany. Last Updated on June 29, 2020, by eNotes Editorial. Fidel Castro has taken over the country of Cuba and the citizens are sick of his dictatorship. Struggling with distance learning? It is called the most deadly conflict of the 21st century thus far, with 250,000 casualties and millions Syrians who have been forced to flee the devastation. Padron tells Josef and his mother that Landau has been sedated and is recovering in a Cuban hospital. If Cuba does not let the refugees in, it signifies a return to a society that is more than willing to be unjust and cruel toward them. Unlisted storyboards can be shared via a link, but otherwise will remain hidden. Refugee looks readers straight in the eye, challenging them to truly see these kids who are battling the worst moments of our recent history. Also, there are parallels between the three stories, and at the end, all of the three stories are connected. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Refugeeis both. This Study Guide consists of approximately 70pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - All storyboards are private and secure to the portal using enterprise-class file security hosted by Microsoft Azure. The Nazis invade France just a few months after Josefs family arrives there. Last Updated on June 29, 2020, by eNotes Editorial. It only gets worse for them, but in the end, he learns a powerful life lesson: Its better to be visible than invisible, because even though the bad people can harm you, the good people can help you. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Lito atones for the past by treading water and returning to Cuba. Im a big fan of that, and it was executed brilliantly here. Summary & Analysis Josef: Berlin, Germany - 1938; Isabel: Outside Havana, Cuba - 1994 (1) Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria - 2015 (1) . The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Mahmoud's story is set in Syria in 2015 during the Syrian Civil War. Trauma and. Isabels story starts with a riot. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. Josef, Isabel, and Mahmouds strands begin to converge. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. St. Louis, a ship taking Jewish refugees to Havana, Cuba. You'll also receive an email with the link. Seor Castillo, who is passive for much of the action, pulls Isabel into the water at the end of the novel to ensure that she reaches the American coast. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Judy Blundell, National Book Award winning author of What I Saw and How I Lied. Gratz accomplishes a feat that is nothing short of brilliantPoignant, respectful, and historically accurate while pulsating with emotional turmoil, adventure, and suspense. Isabel Fernandez's story begins in 1994 in Havana, Cuba under the oppressive rule of Fidel Castro. As Gratz observes in his author's note to the novel, the MS St. Louis was a real ship carrying . Discount, Discount Code The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. You have successfully joined Alan's newsletter list! 3 Mar. 20% Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old boy living in Berlin. Refugee is a New York Times bestselling historical fiction novel. Thus, the waters are deceptive for Josef, as is proved when the St. Louis is turned back from the Cuban shore. With his homeland torn apart by violence and destruction, he and his family begin a long trek toward Europe. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Christina Diaz Gonzalez, author of The Red Umbrella and A Thunderous Whisper. The Castillos have been secretly building a makeshift boat and the next day, they set out together for Miami. Mahmoud learns to shed his anonymity and turn more decisive as his raft flounders in the Mediterranean. Meanwhile, there is a rumor spreading that the ships passengers are likely to be turned back from Cuba, a thought too terrible for Josef to accept. The second date is today's My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. The novel begins with the story line of twelve-year-old Josef, a Jewish boy in Germany. Not only does Isabel rescue her father from arrest, she also sells her beloved trumpet to enable the family to buy gasoline to power the boat her neighbors, the Castillos, have been secretly building. Though Refugee is a novel, all three of its main storylines are based on actual historical events. Mahmouds father arranges for a smuggler to take them to the island of Lesbos, in Greece. Aboard the St. Louis, Josefs family and the other passengers, all Jewish refugees, are treated well by Captain Schroeder and most of the ships crew. | (He is Officer Padron from Josefs story.) Plus, our printable worksheets make it easy to take the fun offline. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Refugee: Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean - 1939, 10 days Summary & Analysis Next Isabel: Straits of Florida - 1994, 1 day (2) Themes and Colors Key Summary Analysis Josef and some of the other children on the St. Louis take a tour of the ship 's bridge and engine room. Josef Landau's story begins in 1938 in Nazi Germany. Summary Josef is still outside the Havana Harbor, 21 days from home. Mahmoud; Waleed; their parents, Youssef and Fatima; and their baby sister, Hana, leave for Germany. Refugee is a heart-pounding adventure as well as an important book that shines a light on a too often invisible and politicized problem. If there are three dates, the first date is the date of the original Fatima holds little Hana over her head, while Mahmoud keeps Fatima afloat. -Graham S. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. On the ship, Ruth, born in Nazi Germany, has the freedom to play openly for the first time in her life. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. His only distinguishing characteristics are big ears and wire-rimmed glasses. Students will see themselves in the young protagonists: children faced with tragic circumstances but who, at their heart, are just kids who love their families and want to live in peace. Each version of Storyboard That has a different privacy and security model that is tailored for the expected usage. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Is Ravis experience Josef Landau is a Jewish boy in Germany in 1938. eNotes.com, Inc. 2023 . However, beneath the surface, the ride isnt as perfect as it looks, and Josef has to take the initiative several times. All storyboards and images are private and secure. The stories are set in different times and places and are told from the perspective of the refugee children. But Captain Schroeder recognizes the necessity of keeping those hopes alive, and so continues to conceal that there may be trouble when they reach Cuba. As Landau's hysteria increases, Josef slaps his father's face. Yet instead of succumbing to the despair of these events, Josef and the rest of his family resolve to try to find a better life in a new country. A haunting fictional treatment of historic events. The ship leaves for Europe, and Captain Schroeder promises to divide the passengers between England, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. Isabel's story is set in Cuba in 1994 during a time of great economic crisis and upheaval. eNotes.com, Inc. Word Count: 1050. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Just when Miami becomes visible on the horizon, a U.S. Coast Guard boat tries to intercept the two families. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! Also, there are parallels between the three stories, and at the end, all of the three stories are connected. In Isabels journey, Ivn is claimed by sharks, which symbolize the life-taking maw of the ocean. All three stories make for a great novel and it will teach you a lot and appreciate how good we have it. 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Isabel's story is like that of thousands of other Cuban immigrants who all fled Castro's Cuba. date the date you are citing the material. The second is the date of Teachers and parents! For Aaron, it represents a metaphorical death, as he disappears into the water and subsequently out of Josefs life. His family decides to leave and trek to Germany. The audio version provides an ideal (even mandatory) opportunity for libraries to share these resonating tales with readers reluctant to pick up the page. Teachers and parents! In Cuba in 1994, eleven-year-old Isabel Fernandez lives a life of poverty and uncertainty in the middle of civil strife. Please wait while we process your payment. for a customized plan. Summary Plot Overview Refugee follows the stories of three different children and their families, each attempting to flee their violent homelands, in different regions of the world and during different decades. This is a powerful and inspirational book written by Alan Gratz, a great author. Note: When citing an online source, it is important to include all necessary dates. Mahmouds story starts with their apartment building collapsing, due to people rioting because of the civil war going on in Syria. An elderly couple, Herr and Frau Rosenberg, welcome them into their home. But for each of them, thereis always the hope of tomorrow. Thus, the sea comes to represent death, chaos, and uncertainty at one level. Synopsis: Refugee is a historical fiction novel that features 3 stories in one ; Josef, a Jewish boy escaping Nazi Germany in the 1930s, Isabel, a Cuban girl escaping Castro's regime in 1994, and Mahmoud, a Syrian boy fleeing from the conflict in Syria in 2015. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. These arent completely true stories, but these things do happen to real people, even today. It carried 937 Jewish refugees who were seeking freedom from Nazi persecution in Germany. Kimberly Brubaker Bradley, Newbery Honor winning author of The War That Saved My Life. everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Refugee. Out of the 937 aboard, roughly 254 ultimately perished in Nazi concentration camps. This is how Mahmoud puts it: No one cares about us if we stay out of your way, but if we come near you were seen as a burden. What were some allusions (references to real people, places, events, religious practices, art, literature) present in the novel? Josef understands himself to be German, and yet the Nazis are trying to take away this aspect of German Jewish peoples identity. Josef's story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. Lito, Isabels grandfather, allows himself to be deported so that the Fernandezes can make it to Florida. Refine any search. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Josefs story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. The St. Louis was an actual ship that sailed from Hamburg to Cuba in May, 1939 under the command of Captain Gustav Schrder. A gripping, visceral, and hold-your-breath intense story of three young refugees. Though Josef is devastated, he wonders if this is what becoming a man means - not relying on your father. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Josef's father grows anxious, and Josef fears the doctor will find his father mentally ill and turn the family away. publication in traditional print. Josef, his family, and the passengers are now faced with the possibility of being returned to Germany and to their certain death. The family face incredible hardship and tragedy throughout their long journey through Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, and Hungary on their way to Germany. eNotes Editorial. This is a must read for anyone, especially people who like history. Even though Aaron still lives, his suicide attempt shows not only his own inner despair but the trauma that this event causes for Josef. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. The rest of the passengers grow angry. Josef's father, along with thousands of other Jewish men, was arrested and sent to Dachau, a concentration camp. Along with the Castillosincluding Isabels best friend, IvnIsabel; her father, Geraldo; and her pregnant mother, Teresa, leave Havana for Florida. Isabels family and friends have always wanted to leave the country, but Castro will throw you in jail if you try to escape. In large numbers, Cubans are protesting the regime of Fidel Castro, whose flawed policies they believe have led to the economic catastrophe. Free trial is available to new customers only. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. After a violent conflict between the rebels and the Syrian government, Mahmoud and his family walk to the Turkish border. Like everyone else during the Holocaust, he was scarred, both emotionally and physically. The scale of the devastation in Syria is immense: Given its historical roots, why did Gratz write the novel as a work of fiction? You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Josef again shows his passage into adulthood, as he notices and worries about his mothers mental condition. Mahmouds father tells them that Germany is accepting Syrian refugees and if they can get to Greece, they will be able to travel within the European Union to reach Germany. Six months later, Aaron tells his family in a letter that he has been released from the concentration camp Dachau by the Nazis on the condition that the family leave Germany immediately. REFUGEE braids three different stories of young refugees. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. $24.99 Her father is caught participating in the "Maleconazo" riot, during which citizens protested the government's civil rights abuses as well as the economic crisis that had plunged the nation into poverty. In their memory, she decided to make Berlin her home. Josef's story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. When Isabel is asked to play a song at her new school in America, she plays a Cuban salsa version of The Star-Spangled Banner..