conomic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is set to decelerate from 4.1% in 2021 to 3.3 . Islam first arrived in Ethiopia in 614 with the First Migration to Abyssinia. 65% of girls and women (15-49) have undergone FGM/C (47.1% in age . ; Ethiopia 2020 population is estimated at 114,963,588 people at mid year according to UN data. )exports of goods and services: 8.1% (2017 est. Job Summary PSI Ethiopia seeks a qualified Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) Director to lead major activities within the USAID Ethiopia PHEM project. Morgan Lee | March 3, 2021 . China has the largest Buddhist population with 254.7 million, followed by Thailand at 66.1 million, Burma ( Myanmar) with 41.44 million, and Japan with 41.38 million. 22 March 2021. . Poverty, drought, political repression, and forced government resettlement have driven Ethiopias internal and external migration since the 1960s. A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. Because of this, Africa is now home to some of the world's largest Christian and Muslim communities. The faith arrived in Tigray, north of Ethiopia, . ETHIOPIA 2021 ETHIOPIA RELIGIONS Christians Area 1,104,300 Km2 GDP per capita 1,730 US$ Population 112,759,070 GINI INDEX* *Economic Inequality 35 Other Ethnoreligionists 0.2% . [9] The rise of Islamic extremists account for much of the violent persecution in Ethiopia. 1 0 obj although it represents a unique and complex concept, referring figuratively to St. Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. ), household consumption: 69.6% (2017 est. 110 IGT-daughter (D), WW, 22 December 2014. )$3.987 billion (31 December 2018 est. If recent progress is continued, prevalence of child marriage would drop to 20 per cent by 2030 and to below 10 percent by 2050. Christian, 33.9% identified as Muslim and 18.5% identified as Protestant Christian . 1935-1941 - Italy deposes Emperor Haile Selassie and annexes Ethiopia, before being driven out by British, Commonwealth and Ethiopian forces. )0.6% of GDP (2019 est.) )29.07 (2019 est. In Ethiopia, it is customary for large crowds to gather on the last week of November at the country's holiest site, the Church of St Mary of Zion in Axum.Every year, followers of the ancient Ethiopian Orthodox faith, who constitute roughly 60% of the population, join each other to celebrate the presence of the Ark of the Covenant in what is one of Ethiopia's most important religious . ), maize, cereals, wheat, sorghum, milk, barley, sweet potatoes, roots/tubers nes, sugar cane, millet, food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, garments, chemicals, metals processing, cement, agriculture: 72.7%industry: 7.4%services: 19.9% (2013 est. [6] Islam is the second most followed religion, with 33.9% of the population being adherents. [15] and some belonging to various Sufi orders. ), -0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. ), women married by age 15: 14.1%women married by age 18: 40.3%men married by age 18: 5% (2016 est. )female: 1.3% (2020 est. The current population of Ethiopia is 122,543,875 as of Thursday, March 2, 2023, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data. [citation needed] The numerous indigenous African religions in Ethiopia operate mainly in the far southwest and western borderlands. Education Statistics 2006. Bilal ibn Ribah, the first Muezzin, the person chosen to call the faithful to prayer, and one of the foremost companions of Muhammad, was born in Mecca to an Abyssinian mother. The Ethiopian Enlishkenment African Philosophy: anAfrica Ethiopian Milosophy: developed in 17th C, unlike restor sub- "People hastily acceptwhat they Saharan Africa in have heard fromtheir fathere and. 2 0 obj Ethiopia is a nation with many religions, Ethiopian orthodox being one of the oldest churches in the country.. . ), forest revenues: 5.81% of GDP (2018 est. Today, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, part of Oriental Orthodoxy, is by far the largest denomination, though a number of Protestants (P'ent'ay) churches have recently gained ground. The vision of the CSA is to be a center of excellence in . )permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est. Infant, child, and maternal mortality have fallen sharply over the past decade, but the total fertility rate has declined more slowly and the population continues to grow. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 26.84% (2021 est. [30] Haile Selassie actually came to power during the rise of opposition to Muslims in government positions. [3] Ethiopia is the site of the first hijra in Islamic history and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. Islam plays an important role in the daily lives of the Muslims of Bangladesh (about 88% of Bangladesh's population). Below are key statistics from WHO's Global Health Observatory. Today, the country claims about 80 million of each . It is a crime in Ethiopia to incite one religion against another. [35] This is because Abyssinia's (present-day Ethiopia) Aksumite monarch embraced a group of Muslims embarking on the first Hijrah from Arabia, fleeing persecution from their homeland. Basic Statistic Total population of Ethiopia 2021, by gender . Since the 18th century there has existed a relatively small (uniate) Ethiopian Catholic Church in full communion with Rome, with adherents making up less than 1% of the total population.[3]. [24] The Association of Religion Data Archives estimated that there were around 23,000 Bah adherents in 2010. [19] They became known to the West during the 19th and 20th centuries, and were accepted as Jews by the Israeli government in 1975. used to collect data. )$2,200 (2019 est. Moldova, 3.7 million. Explore aspects of Ethiopian culture and religion, including food, art, music and languages. You can browse files by category or alphabetically, view the newest additions, most popular files, or search for a file. ), urban population: 23.2% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 4.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. People Groups. The number for Ukraine, by the way, includes all groups claiming to be Orthodox. [3] Neither in the 2007 census, nor in the 1994 census, were responses reported in further detail: for example, those who identified themselves as Hindus, Jewish, Bah, agnostics or atheists were counted as "Other". (Oromo) (Amharic)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. The majority of the remaining 11% come from the next ten countries: Italy, 2.2 million. [26] As of 2016[update] the largest Bah community is in Addis Ababa. Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936 to 1941. 1.58%. [25] The Ethiopian community celebrated its diamond jubile in January 2009. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. One ethnic Tigrayan in the diaspora has been compiling a list of names of those killed in Ethiopia's year-long war. [11], The Kingdom of Aksum was one of the first nations to officially accept Christianity, when St. Frumentius of Tyre, called Fremnatos or Abba Selama ("Father of Peace") in Ethiopia, converted King Ezana during the 4th century AD. . )consumption: 9,778,100,000 kWh (2019 est. Religions: Ethiopian Orthodox 43.5%, Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.5%, traditional 2.7%, Catholic 0.7%, other 0.6% (2007 est.) Ethiopia has close historical ties to all three of the world's major Abrahamic religions. %PDF-1.7 Fitch rating: B (2014)Moody's rating: B2 (2020)Standard & Poors rating: B (2014)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. "[9][14] Roughly 68% of Ethiopian Muslims are Sunni, whilst 23% are non-denominational Muslims, whilst another 2% adhere to other sects such as Shia, Quranist, Ibadi etc. Ethiopia Religion, Economy and Politics. )agricultural: 9.687 billion cubic meters (2017 est. The most recent census, conducted in 2007, estimated 44 percent of the population adheres to the EOTC, 34 percent are Sunni Muslim, and 19 percent belong to evangelical Christian and Pentecostal groups. In 2018, 50% of adults polled said they belonged to a religious congregation, down sharply from the 70% who said so as recently as 1999. 1895) were so often appropriated by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the Pan-African colors; the emblem in the center of the current flag was added in 1996, Abyssinian lion (traditional), yellow pentagram with five rays of light on a blue field (promoted by current government); national colors: green, yellow, red, name: "Whedefit Gesgeshi Woud Enat Ethiopia" (March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia)lyrics/music: DEREJE Melaku Mengesha/SOLOMON Lulunote: adopted 1992, total World Heritage Sites: 9 (8 cultural, 1 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela (c); Simien National Park (n); Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region (c); Axum (c); Lower Valley of the Awash (c); Lower Valley of the Omo (c); Tiya (c); Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town (c); Konso Cultural Landscape (c), growing Horn of Africa construction- and services-based economy; port access via Djibouti and Eritrea; widespread but declining poverty; COVID-19, locust invasion, and Tigray crisis disruptions; public investment increases; second largest African labor force, $278.945 billion (2021 est. The most recent general statistical information about religious groups. 4 Islam is the second-largest religious group in Ethiopia, at 34 percent, with Orthodox Christians at 44 percent and Protestant Christians at 19 percent. 104 Melesse, Dabissa and Bulte, "Joint Land Certification" 105 World Bank, Ethiopia: Legal and Judiciary Sector. Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.) Some adherents of the Bah Faith likewise exist in a number of urban and rural areas. The current population of Ethiopia is 125,465,016 based on projections of the latest United Nations data. ), total: 32.44 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 37.13 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 27.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. More than a decade of a tense "no peace, no war" stalemate ended in 2018 after the newly elected Ethiopian prime minister accepted . The declining global economic growth rate from 6.2% in 2021 to 3.4% in 2022, as well as the rise in the global headline inflation to 8.8% in advanced countries and 14.4% within member countries of . Muslim > Muslim percentage of total population: Muslim percentage (%) of total population 2014 Pew Report. The Kingdom of Aksum in present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea was one of the first Christian countries in the world, having officially adopted Christianity as the state religion in the 4th century. The ruling party, the Prosperity Party, was created by Prime Minister ABIY in November 2019 from member parties of the former Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), which included the Amhara Democratic Party (ADP), Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM), plus other EPRDF-allied parties such as the Afar National Democratic Party (ANDP), Benishangul Gumuz Peoples Democratic Party (BGPDP), Gambella Peoples Democratic Movement (GPDM), Somali Peoples Democratic Party (SPDP), and the Harari National League (HNL). Among these mainly Abrahamic religions, the most numerous is Christianity (Ethiopian Orthodoxy, P'ent'ay, Roman Catholic) totaling at 67.3%, followed by Islam at 31.3%. 126.53/km (93rd) Land Area. ; Ethiopia population is equivalent to 1.47% of the total world population. [22] In 1962, Ethiopia Bahs elected a National Spiritual Assembly. Additionally, there is also a substantial population of the adherents of traditional faiths. )2.33% (2019 est. )8.36% (2019 est. [ONLINE] Available at: Hassan, Gamal (2008). As the war with the T.P.L.F . . (1984), 1994, 2007 census, 2022 projection. Official government statistics show that some 119,000 people work in trade and commerce, 113,000 work in manufacturing and industry, 80,000 are homemakers, 71,000 are in civil administration . )major-language sample(s): Kitaaba Addunyaa Waan Qabataamaatiif - Kan Madda Odeeffannoo buuraawaatiif baayee barbaachisaa tae. [3] Haile Selassie's government reportedly concealed the actual figures of the Muslim population in order to present Ethiopia as a Christian nation to the outside world. The data were entered using Epi info version 7.0 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Ethiopia is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, total: 1.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Moths Turned Eagles, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahs of Ethiopia. )government consumption: 10% (2017 est. Islam in . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. )arable land: 15.2% (2018 est. )exports: 1 billion kWh (2019 est. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Before the publication of the 2007 census results, however, the U.S. State Department estimated that "approximately 45 percent of the population is Sunni Muslim. Religions: Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.) Fifty years ago, in 1971, 90% of U.S. adults identified with a Christian religion, 6% were non-Christian or another religion, and 4% did not have a religious . 4 0 obj Georgia, 3.4 million. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Hindu, on the other hand, is at 1 billion 160 . An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 376 pharmacy students in Northwest Ethiopia between July 15 and August 27, 2022. . ), total: 19.8 yearsmale: 19.6 yearsfemale: 20.1 years (2020 est. Christianity was introduced to Ethiopia in the 4th century, and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (called Tewahdo in Ethiopia) is one of the oldest organized Christian bodies in the world. . Islam is the second most followed religion, with 33.9% of the population being adherents. 0-14 years: 38.91% (male 22,821,026/female 22,498,331)15-64 years: 57.55% (male 33,345,764/female 33,672,933)65 years and over: 3.54% (2023 est.) Prime Minister Abiy has promoted reconciliation between Ethiopia's main faith groups, including through the 2018 release of Muslim activists who had been arrested in 2015 for protesting the government's treatment . His research interests are religion in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa, religion and politics, and ethnicity in Ethiopia. Ethiopia is one of the world's most religious countries in the world, and its capital city is no different. ), 19.3 years (2019 est. )permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est. )hydroelectricity: 95.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Islam is the second-largest religion in Ethiopia behind Christianity, with 31.3 to 35.9 percent of the total population of around 113.5 million people professing the religion as of 2022. Start of Contract & Duration: Two months Posting date: September 25, 2021 INTRODUCTION. Churches are treated as very sacred spaces. Islam is also the official religion of this country, which has one of the largest Muslim . ), 31.45% of GDP (2019 est. It has 31.8 million first language speakers and around 25 million second language speakers (out of a total population of 115 million people). )from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. This is an increase of 2.53 % (3,019,461 people) compared to population of 119,346,275 the year before. In the Pew study, 1% of Ethiopians identify as Catholic, 16% as . Profiles include statistics, text, photo, map, progress indicator and language resources. f'm0 Hn"o_y'NG`K'_b,{?/g ]~:Pp`{_Y|?y7b#w_xqep\{'>o;|K@D.Pq;J!h~Rng^ e o|cd]1D{TP9n%-h \{-\-wmyL{Wu][|SlR>,kzM}y/p!o.\/358FjW>nwGuC#/^l#v j/nKMAE^K\USVm|emTqV(WP^\F/!@$C5f,]+I%!FkDvH|/Xo {+Sl+|n5njoA1upV5L+se MriP5=)bt&r 2F?r ,,I:k F/Jx4Q ), $27.27 billion (2019 est. While the use of modern contraceptive methods among married women has increased significantly from 6 percent in 2000 to 27 percent in 2012, the overall rate is still quite low. The Bah Faith in Ethiopia begins after `Abdu'l-Bah wrote letters encouraging taking the religion to Africa in 1916. Catholics Population Percent Catholic Country Dioceses Diocesan Priests Religious Priests Total Priests Permanent Deacons Male Religious Female Religious . The ARDA Data Archive is a collection of surveys, polls, and other data submitted by researchers. description: bicameral Parliament consists of:House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats maximum; 144 seats current; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats maximum; 470 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)elections: House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected 31 October 2026)House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next election expected 30 June 2026)election results: House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 100, women 44, percent of women 30.6%House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Prosperity Party 454, NAMA 5, EZEMA 4, Gedeo People's Democratic organization 2, Kucha People Democratic Party 1, independent 4; composition - men 275, women 195, percent of women 41.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38.9%notes: House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation; percent of vote percentages are calculated on the number of members actually seated versus on the constitutional maximums, highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court (consists of 11 judges); note - the House of Federation has jurisdiction for all constitutional issuesjudge selection and term of office: president and vice president of Federal Supreme Court recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; other Supreme Court judges nominated by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council (a 10-member body chaired by the president of the Federal Supreme Court) and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; judges serve until retirement at age 60subordinate courts: federal high courts and federal courts of first instance; state court systems (mirror structure of federal system); sharia courts and customary and traditional courts, House of People's Representatives:Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice and Democracy or EZEMA [BERHANU Nega] Gedeo People's Democratic PartyIndependentKucha People Democratic PartyNational Movement of Amhara or NAMAProsperity Party or PPnote: Ethiopia has over fifty national-level and regional-level political parties. A number of towns (such as Awassa, Nazareth, Mekele, Zway and Shashemenie) and rural areas in Oromia and the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR) have active and growing Bah communities. )crude oil estimated reserves: 400,000 barrels (2021 est. )-$2.719 billion (2020 est. [38] These friendly and collaborative relations between Muslim and Christian states would soon deteriorate in the following centuries. )services: 43.6% (2017 est. endobj Roughly two-thirds of the Ethiopian population identifies as Christian and one-third is Muslim. . According to 2016 U.S. government estimates, 44 percent of the population adheres to the EOTC, 31 percent are Sunni Muslim, and 23 percent belong to evangelical Christian and Pentecostal groups, including the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church, and Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus. (approximately $930 million), information varies; prior to the 2020-2022 Tigray conflict, approximately 150,000 active-duty troops, including about 3,000 Air Force personnel (no personnel numbers available for the re-established Navy) (2022), the ENDF's inventory is comprised mostly of Russian and Soviet-era equipment; in recent years, the ENDF has received arms from a variety of countries, including China, Israel, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, and the United Arab Emirates; Ethiopia has a modest industrial defense base centered on small arms and production of armored vehicles (2023), 18-22 years of age for voluntary military service (although the military may, when necessary, recruit a person more than 22 years old); no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct callups when necessary and compliance is compulsory (2022)note: in November 2021, the Ethiopian Government issued a nationwide state of emergency that enabled officials to order military-age citizens to undergo training and accept military duty in support of the Tigray conflict; the order also recalled retired military officers to active duty, 5-10,000 Somalia (4,500 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with Somalia; note - bilateral figures are prior to the conflict with Tigray); 250 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,475 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022), the ENDF is one of sub-Saharan Africas largest, most experienced, and best equipped militaries; the Ground Forces are estimated to have more than 20 infantry divisions, including several that are mechanized, along with at least 1 division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has combat squadrons of multipurpose fighter aircraft, attack helicopters, and armed unmanned aerial vehicles; ENDF operations are often supported by sizeable regional state paramilitary unitsthe ENDF is focused on both external threats emanating from its neighbors and against multiple internal armed groups; since 1998, the ENDF has engaged in several conventional and counterinsurgency operations, including border wars with Eritrea (1998-2000) and Somalia (2006-2008) and internal conflicts with the Tigray regional state (2020-2022), several insurgent groups and ethnic militias (aka Fano), and the al-Shabaab terrorist group; the ENDF is currently conducting counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several states, including in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claims to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; in 2022, militants from the Somalia-based al-Shabaab terrorist group launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalias Gedo region to prevent further incursionsfrom November of 2020 until a cease-fire was negotiated in November 2022, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) engaged in a military conflict with the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the GoE deemed a TPLF attack on an ENDF base as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned GoE action to remove it from the provincial government; the GoE sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; TPLF military forces were known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF) and were comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported (2023), al-Shabaab; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Forcenote: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Ethiopia-Eritrea: Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement Ethiopia-Somalia: While border clashes continue in the al-Fashqa (Fashaga) area, the US views the 1902 boundary treaty between Ethiopia and Sudan as being in force; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; "Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia;Ethiopia-Sudan: Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; as of 2020, four years of three-way talks between the three capitals over operating the dam and filling its reservoir had made little progress; Ethiopia began filling the dam in July 2020; civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia, refugees (country of origin): 410,727 (South Sudan), 252,496 (Somalia), 163,251 (Eritrea), 48,743 (Sudan) (2023)IDPs: 2.72 million (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs, excluding unverified estimates from the Amhara region; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2022), transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe, as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money laundering center, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, navy, which would reportedly be based out of Djibouti, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI).
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